Promoting green and low-carbon economic and social development is an important symbol of the new ideas and practices of the Party's governance in the new era, a key link in achieving high-quality development, a basic strategy for solving China's resource, environmental and ecological problems, and an inherent requirement for building a modern society in which people and nature coexist harmoniously. In order to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, the following opinions are put forward.

I. General requirements

Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, fully implement Xi Jinping's economic thoughts and Xi Jinping's thoughts on ecological civilization, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, unswervingly follow the path of ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon high-quality development, take carbon peak and carbon neutrality work as the guide, coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle that conserves resources and protects the environment, comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China, and accelerate the modernization of harmonious coexistence between people and nature.

In the work, we should do the following:

--Adhere to comprehensive transformation. Firmly establish the concept that green waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains, integrate the requirements of green transformation into the overall economic and social development, promote green transformation in all directions, fields and regions, and build a community of life between man and nature.

--Adhere to coordinated transformation. Fully consider the development reality of different regions and industries, adhere to the combination of coordinated promotion and key breakthroughs, scientifically set the timetable, roadmap and construction drawings for green transformation, and encourage qualified regions and industries to explore first.

--Adhere to innovative transformation. Strengthen scientific and technological innovation, policy and system innovation, and business model innovation that support green transformation, promote green and low-carbon scientific and technological revolution, develop new quality productivity according to local conditions, improve the ecological civilization system, and provide stronger innovation momentum and institutional guarantees for green transformation.

--Adhere to safe transformation. Coordinate the relationship between development and emission reduction, overall and local, current and long-term, government and market, properly prevent and resolve internal and external risks and challenges faced by green transformation, effectively ensure food and energy security, industrial chain and supply chain security, and better protect the production and life of the people.

The main objectives are: By 2030, the green transformation of key areas will make positive progress, green production and lifestyles will be basically formed, the ability to coordinate pollution reduction and carbon reduction will be significantly enhanced, the efficiency of major resource utilization will be further improved, the policy and standard system supporting green development will be more complete, and the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development will achieve remarkable results. By 2035, a green, low-carbon, circular development economic system will be basically established, green production and lifestyles will be widely formed, and significant progress will be made in the coordinated increase of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The efficiency of major resource utilization will reach the international advanced level, economic and social development will enter the green and low-carbon track in an all-round way, carbon emissions will be stable and declining after reaching the peak, and the goal of a beautiful China will be basically achieved.

II. Building a spatial pattern of green, low-carbon and high-quality development

(I) Optimizing the pattern of land space development and protection. Improve China's unified, clear-cut, scientific and efficient land space planning system, strictly adhere to the three control lines of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red line and urban development boundary, and optimize various spatial layouts. Improve the system of main functional areas, promote the comprehensive layout of main functions, refine the division of main functional areas, and improve differentiated policies. Accelerate the construction of a natural protection area system with national parks as the main body, nature reserves as the basis, and various types of natural parks as supplements. Strengthen the zoning control of the ecological environment. Improve the system of marine resource development and protection, systematically plan marine development and utilization, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of land and sea.

(II) Create a green development highland. Strengthen regional green development cooperation, coordinate the promotion of coordinated development and coordinated transformation, and create a growth pole and power source for green, low-carbon and high-quality development. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, improve the mechanism for coordinated protection of the ecological environment, and support the construction of Xiongan New Area to become a model of green development city. Continue to promote the joint protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and explore new paths for ecological priority and green development. Deepen the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and create a world-class green and low-carbon industrial cluster. Promote the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Build a pilot zone for beautiful China. Continue to increase support for the green transformation of resource-based regions and old revolutionary areas, and cultivate and develop green and low-carbon industries.

3. Accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of the industrial structure

(III) Promote the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Vigorously promote the green and low-carbon transformation of industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, chemicals, building materials, papermaking, and printing and dyeing, promote energy-saving, low-carbon and clean production technology and equipment, and promote the updating and upgrading of process flows. Optimize the scale and layout of production capacity, continuously update binding standards such as land, environment, energy efficiency, water efficiency and carbon emissions, lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the improvement of national standards, and establish and improve the capacity withdrawal mechanism. Reasonably raise the resource and environmental access threshold for new construction, renovation and expansion projects, and resolutely curb the blind launch of high-energy-consuming, high-emission and low-level projects.

(IV) Vigorously develop green and low-carbon industries. Accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, build a green manufacturing system and service system, and continuously increase the proportion of green and low-carbon industries in the total economy. Accelerate the cultivation of competitive green and low-carbon enterprises, and create a group of leading enterprises and specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises. Vigorously promote models such as contract energy management, contract water conservation management, third-party governance of environmental pollution, and environmental trusteeship services oriented towards environmental governance effects. Promote the high-quality development of the cultural industry and promote the in-depth integration and development of culture and tourism. Actively encourage the accelerated development of new industries, new formats, and new business models oriented towards green and low-carbon. By 2030, the scale of energy conservation and environmental protection industry will reach about 15 trillion yuan.

(V) Accelerate the coordinated transformation and development of digitalization and greening. Promote the deep integration of industrial digitalization and intelligence with greening, deepen the application of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, industrial Internet, etc. in power systems, industrial and agricultural production, transportation, construction and operation, and realize the green transformation enabled by digital technology. Promote all kinds of users to "go to the cloud, use data, and empower intelligence", and support enterprises to use digital intelligence technology and green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries. Promote the construction of green and low-carbon digital infrastructure, promote energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation of existing facilities, and gradually eliminate "old, small and scattered" facilities. Guide digital technology companies to develop green and low-carbon, and help upstream and downstream companies improve their carbon reduction capabilities. Explore the establishment of efficient monitoring, active warning, scientific analysis, and intelligent decision-making systems for environmental pollution and meteorological disasters. Promote the construction of real-life three-dimensional China and the empowerment of spatiotemporal information.

Fourth, steadily promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy

(VI) Strengthen the clean and efficient use of fossil energy. Strengthen the construction of energy production, supply, storage and marketing systems, adhere to the principle of building before breaking, promote the safe, reliable and orderly replacement of fossil energy with non-fossil energy, continuously optimize the energy structure, and accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system. Resolutely control fossil energy consumption, deeply promote the clean and efficient use of coal, strictly and reasonably control the growth of coal consumption during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and gradually reduce it in the next five years. On the premise of ensuring energy security supply, key areas will continue to implement total coal consumption control and actively and orderly promote the replacement of scattered coal. Accelerate the "three-in-one" transformation of existing coal-fired power units for energy conservation and carbon reduction, flexibility transformation, and heating transformation, and rationally plan and build regulatory and supporting coal-fired power necessary to ensure the safety of the power system. Increase efforts in oil and gas resource exploration and development and increase reserves and production, and accelerate the integrated development of oil and gas exploration and development with new energy. Promote the construction of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage projects.

(VII) Vigorously develop non-fossil energy. Accelerate the construction of clean energy bases such as wind power and photovoltaic power in the northwest, hydropower in the southwest, offshore wind power, and coastal nuclear power. Actively develop distributed photovoltaic and decentralized wind power. Develop new energy such as biomass energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy according to local conditions, and promote the development of the entire chain of hydrogen energy "production, storage, transmission, and use". Coordinate hydropower development and ecological protection, and promote the integrated development of water, wind, and light. Actively, safely and orderly develop nuclear power, maintain a reasonable layout and a steady pace of construction. By 2030, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will be increased to about 25%.

(VIII) Accelerate the construction of a new power system. Strengthen the connection and coordination of clean energy bases, regulatory resources, and transmission channels in terms of scale capacity, spatial layout, and construction rhythm. Encourage the layout of natural gas peak-shaving power stations in areas where gas sources can be implemented and gas prices can be afforded. Scientifically plan pumped storage, new energy storage, and solar thermal power generation to improve the safe operation and comprehensive regulation capabilities of the power system. Build a smart grid and accelerate the construction of microgrids, virtual power plants, and source-grid-load-storage integrated projects. Strengthen power demand-side management. Deepen the reform of the power system and further improve the system and mechanism that adapts to the new power system. By 2030, the installed capacity of pumped storage will exceed 120 million kilowatts.

V. Promote the green transformation of transportation

(IX) Optimize the transportation structure. Build a green and efficient transportation system, improve the national railway, highway and water transportation network, promote the reasonable division of labor and effective connection of different modes of transportation, and reduce the empty load rate and unreasonable passenger and freight turnover. Vigorously promote the development of multimodal transport "one order system" and "one box system", accelerate the construction of freight dedicated railways and inland high-grade waterway networks, promote the construction of railway dedicated lines for major ports, large industrial and mining enterprises and logistics parks, increase the proportion of green collection and distribution, and continuously increase the proportion of railway and water transportation of bulk goods. Optimize civil aviation routes and improve the level of electrification and intelligence of airport operations.

(X) Build green transportation infrastructure. Improve the green and intelligent level of newly built stations, airports, docks, and highway facilities, promote energy-saving and carbon-reduction transformation and upgrading of existing transportation infrastructure, build a number of low-carbon (near zero-carbon) stations, airports, docks, and highway service areas, and develop photovoltaic power along highways according to local conditions. Improve the infrastructure network of charging (replacement) stations, hydrogen (alcohol) stations, shore power, etc., and accelerate the construction of urban smart transportation management systems. Improve the urban and rural logistics distribution system and promote the green and intelligent transformation of distribution methods. Deeply implement the urban public transportation priority development strategy and improve the level of public transportation services. Strengthen the construction of urban slow-moving systems such as pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes.

(XI) Promote low-carbon transportation tools. Vigorously promote new energy vehicles and promote the electrification of urban public service vehicles. Promote the use of clean power in ships, aircraft, non-road mobile machinery, etc., accelerate the elimination of old transportation tools, promote zero-emission freight, strengthen the research and development and application of sustainable aviation fuels, and encourage the research, development, production and application of net zero-emission marine fuels. By 2030, the carbon emission intensity per unit of operating transportation tools will be reduced by about 9.5% compared with 2020. By 2035, new energy vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales vehicles.

Sixth, promote the green transformation of urban and rural construction

(XII) Promote green planning and construction methods. Fully implement the requirements of green transformation in all aspects of urban and rural planning, construction, and governance. Advocate green and low-carbon planning and design concepts, strictly observe the boundaries of urban development, control the excessive growth of new construction land, protect and restore ecological spaces such as green land, water areas, and wetlands, and rationally plan areas where noise-sensitive buildings are concentrated. Promote the construction of climate-adaptive cities and enhance the climate resilience of urban and rural areas. Promote green construction methods, give priority to the use of green building materials, and deepen the comprehensive management of dust pollution.

(XIII) Vigorously develop green and low-carbon buildings. Establish a building energy efficiency rating system. Increase the proportion of star-rated green buildings in new buildings and promote the large-scale development of ultra-low energy consumption buildings. Accelerate the energy-saving, water-saving and carbon-reducing transformation of existing buildings and municipal infrastructure, and promote advanced and efficient lighting, air conditioning, elevators and other equipment. Optimize the building energy structure, promote the construction of building photovoltaic integration, promote the application of "light storage direct and flexible" technology, and develop clean and low-carbon heating.

(XIV) Promote green development in agriculture and rural areas. Implement actions to reduce emissions and fix carbon in agriculture and rural areas, optimize the structure of planting and breeding, promote excellent crop and livestock varieties and green and efficient cultivation and breeding technologies, and promote the reduction and efficiency of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. Establish and improve the collection, utilization and treatment system of agricultural waste such as straw, agricultural film, pesticide packaging waste, and livestock and poultry manure, and strengthen the control of straw burning ban. Deepen the improvement of rural human settlement environment and cultivate new industries and new formats for rural green development. Develop and utilize renewable energy according to local conditions and promote clean heating in rural areas in an orderly manner.

VII. Implement a comprehensive conservation strategy

(XV) Vigorously promote energy conservation, carbon reduction and efficiency. Carry out energy conservation work at a high level and high quality, promote energy conservation and carbon reduction transformation in key industries, and accelerate the replacement and upgrading of equipment and products. Build a carbon emission statistical accounting system, strengthen energy conservation review of fixed asset investment projects, explore the implementation of project carbon emission evaluation, and strictly control the energy consumption and carbon emissions of new projects. Promote enterprises to establish and improve energy conservation and carbon reduction management mechanisms, promote the "diagnosis + transformation" model of energy conservation and carbon reduction, and strengthen energy conservation supervision.

(16) Strengthen resource conservation, intensive and efficient utilization. Improve the total resource management and comprehensive conservation system, and strengthen the full process management and full chain conservation of various resources such as water, grain, land, and minerals. Implement the rigid constraint system of water resources, develop water-saving industries, strengthen the use of unconventional water sources, and build a water-saving society. Implement the Anti-Food Waste Law, improve the long-term mechanism for grain and food conservation, and carry out grain conservation actions. Implement the strictest arable land protection system and land conservation and intensive utilization system, promote land-saving technologies and land-saving models, optimize the development and utilization of existing land, and improve the efficiency of sea space utilization. Strengthen the exploration, protection and rational development of mineral resources, improve mining efficiency, and strengthen the utilization of low-grade resources.

(17) Vigorously develop the circular economy. Deepen the promotion of the circular economy to help carbon reduction actions, promote resource recycling production models, vigorously develop resource recycling industries, promote high-quality development of the remanufacturing industry, improve the quality of recycled materials and products, and expand the scale of substitution for primary resources. Promote the classification of domestic waste and improve the utilization rate of resources. Improve the waste recycling system, strengthen the waste classification disposal and recycling capabilities, and improve the scale, standardization and refinement of recycling. By 2030, the annual utilization of bulk solid waste will reach about 4.5 billion tons, and the output rate of major resources will increase by about 45% compared with 2020.

VIII. Promote the green transformation of consumption patterns

(18) Promote a green lifestyle. Vigorously advocate simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized and healthy life concepts and consumption methods, integrate green concepts and conservation requirements into social norms such as citizen conventions, village rules, student codes, and group charters, and enhance the public's awareness of conservation, environmental protection, and ecology. Carry out green and low-carbon national actions, guide the public to save water and electricity, oppose extravagance and waste, promote the "Clean Plate Action", resist excessive packaging, reduce the use of disposable items, guide the public to give priority to public transportation, walking, bicycles and other green travel methods, widely carry out patriotic health campaigns, promote the solution of environmental problems around the masses such as noise, oil smoke, and odor, and form a social atmosphere that advocates ecological civilization.

(19) Increase the supply of green products. Guide enterprises to carry out green design, choose green materials, promote green manufacturing, adopt green packaging, carry out green transportation, recycle resources, and reduce the energy and resource consumption and ecological environmental impact of products throughout their life cycle. Establish and improve green product design, procurement, and manufacturing standards and specifications, strengthen the construction of green product certification and labeling systems, improve energy efficiency and water efficiency labeling systems, and establish product carbon footprint management systems and product carbon labeling certification systems. Strengthen the management of green product and service certification, improve the regulatory mechanism of certification agencies, and cultivate green certification agencies with international influence.

(20) Actively expand green consumption. Improve the incentive mechanism for green consumption. Optimize government green procurement policies, expand the scope and scale of green product procurement, and incorporate carbon footprint requirements into government procurement in a timely manner. Guide enterprises to implement green procurement guidelines, encourage qualified enterprises to establish green supply chains, and drive the coordinated transformation of upstream and downstream enterprises. Support qualified regions to encourage enterprises to adopt methods such as "trade-in" and guide consumers to buy green products through the issuance of consumer coupons and green points. Carry out activities to promote new energy vehicles, green smart home appliances, water-saving appliances, energy-saving stoves, and green building materials in rural areas, and strengthen the construction of supporting facilities and after-sales service guarantees. Encourage users to expand green energy consumption.

IX. Give full play to the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation

(XXI) Strengthen applied basic research. Establish a prediction, discovery, evaluation and early warning mechanism for cutting-edge leading technologies and disruptive technologies, appropriately advance the layout of major national scientific research infrastructure, establish a number of Chinese key laboratories and national innovation platforms, implement a number of major national cutting-edge scientific and technological projects, focus on strengthening applied basic research in the field of green and low-carbon, and stimulate disruptive technological innovation. Innovate talent training models, optimize the setting of university disciplines and majors, and consolidate the intellectual foundation of green transformation.

(XXII) Accelerate the research and development of key technologies. Promote self-reliance and self-improvement in green and low-carbon science and technology, and make green transformation-related technologies an important support direction for key projects related to the national key research and development plan, focusing on green and low-carbon transformation of energy, low-carbon and zero-carbon process reengineering, new power systems, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, resource conservation, intensive use and recycling, new pollutant control and other fields, and coordinate and strengthen key core technology research. Strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, support leading enterprises to take the lead in establishing a joint group for key core technology research, increase funding for the research and development of green and low-carbon technologies for small and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage enterprises of all types of ownership to participate in relevant national science and technology plans.

(XXIII) Carry out innovation demonstration and promotion. Give full play to the key leading role of innovation in green transformation. Carry out multi-level pilot projects to promote the coordinated increase of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in key areas such as industry, energy, transportation, urban and rural construction, and agriculture. Implement green and low-carbon advanced technology demonstration projects to accelerate the demonstration, application and promotion of advanced applicable technologies. Improve the green and low-carbon technology evaluation, trading system and scientific and technological innovation service platform, explore business models that are conducive to the development of new green and low-carbon industries and new formats, strengthen the creation, protection and application of green and low-carbon technology intellectual property rights, and stimulate the innovation vitality of the whole society.

X. Improve the green transformation policy system

(XXIV) Improve the fiscal and taxation policies for green transformation. Actively build a fiscal and taxation policy system that is conducive to promoting green and low-carbon development and efficient use of resources, and support work in the fields of new energy system construction, transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation, energy and resource conservation and intensive utilization, and promotion of green and low-carbon lifestyles. Implement tax incentives for environmental protection, energy conservation and water conservation, comprehensive resource utilization, new energy and clean energy vehicles and vessels. Improve the green tax system, comprehensively implement the water resource fee-to-tax reform, improve the environmental protection tax collection system, and study tax policies related to supporting carbon emission reduction.

(XXV) Enrich green transformation financial instruments. Extend the implementation period of carbon emission reduction support instruments to the end of 2027. Study and formulate transformation finance standards to provide reasonable and necessary financial support for the green and low-carbon transformation of traditional industries. Encourage banks to guide the green allocation of credit resources on the basis of reasonable risk assessment. Local governments with conditions can support the development of green credit through government financing guarantee institutions. Encourage local governments to reduce the financing costs of green bonds through various means. Actively develop financial instruments such as green equity financing, green financial leasing, and green trusts, and orderly promote the innovation of carbon financial products and derivatives. Develop green insurance and explore the establishment of a differentiated insurance premium rate mechanism.

(XXVI) Optimize the green transformation investment mechanism. Innovate and optimize the investment mechanism, and encourage various types of capital to increase the proportion of investment in green and low-carbon fields. Central budgetary investment will actively support key projects in the fields of green and low-carbon advanced technology demonstration, energy conservation and carbon reduction in key industries, efficient recycling of resources, and environmental infrastructure construction. Guide and regulate social capital to participate in the investment, construction, and operation of green and low-carbon projects, and encourage social capital to establish green and low-carbon industry investment funds in a market-oriented manner. Support eligible green transformation-related projects such as new energy and ecological and environmental protection to issue infrastructure real estate investment trusts (REITs).

(XXVII) Improve the green transformation price policy. Deepen electricity price reform, improve the price mechanism that encourages flexible power sources to participate in system regulation, implement the coal-fired power capacity price mechanism, study and establish a sound new energy storage price formation mechanism, improve the tiered electricity price system and time-of-use electricity price policy, and improve the tiered electricity price system for high-energy-consuming industries. Improve the tiered water price for residents, the progressive price increase policy for non-residential water use and special water use exceeding the quota, and promote comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices. Support local governments to improve charging models, promote the reform of domestic waste treatment charging methods, and establish an incentive mechanism for urban domestic waste classification and reduction.

(XXVIII) Improve the market-oriented mechanism for green transformation. Improve the market-based allocation system of resource and environmental elements, improve the trading system norms and supporting systems such as registration, assignment, transfer, and mortgage, and explore financing tools based on resource and environmental rights and interests. Improve the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products. Promote the construction of China's carbon emission rights trading market and voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market, improve the legal system, and expand the scope of trading industries in a timely and orderly manner. Improve the green power certificate trading system and strengthen the policy coordination of market-based mechanisms such as green electricity, green certificates, and carbon trading.

(XXIX) Build a green development standard system. Establish a carbon peak and carbon neutrality standard system, promote the formulation and rev

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