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With China Plastic Machinery
With China Plastic Machinery
Plastic particles refer to small granular substances obtained after various plastic are decomposed, processed, etc. Recycled plastic particles are mainly graded according to the different raw materials used and the characteristics of the processed plastic particles. They are generally divided into primary materials, secondary materials, and tertiary materials.
Plastic particles are important raw materials widely used in various industries. They have good physical and chemical properties and can be made into plastic products of various shapes through processes such as heating, compression and injection molding. The uses of plastic particles include plastic products, building materials, packaging materials, medical devices, electronic products, etc.
In January 2024, the international academic journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States" (PNAS) published a latest research progress. Tiny "nanoplastic" can pass through human intestinal or lung cells, enter the blood, and even reach the heart and brain. Even for pregnant mothers, it will pass through the placenta and eventually enter the fetus.
Plastic are divided into two categories: thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic according to the different changes they undergo when heated. Thermoplastic have linear molecules, which are plastic when heated, and can solidify after melting and cooling, and can be repeatedly heated and molded. Common varieties of thermoplastic include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, etc. Thermosetting plastic have a linear molecular structure before the first solidification. After the first solidification, the linear molecules are cross-linked to form a spatial body structure. This change from a linear structure to a body structure is irreversible. Thermosetting plastic cannot be heated repeatedly. Common varieties include polyurethane resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc.
Plastic particles have a wide range of applications and can be used in daily necessities, clothing industry, building materials, chemical industry, agriculture, etc. to manufacture various plastic products. In addition, plastic particles are also widely used in the electrical industry and the telecommunications industry. There are roughly more than 200 kinds of plastic particles. If subdivided, there must be thousands of kinds. The more common ones are probably dozens of kinds. Generally, they can be divided into three categories: general plastic, engineering plastic and special plastic. General plastic: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane, etc., engineering plastic: nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polycarbon, silicone, etc. Special plastic: thermosetting plastic, functional polymer plastic, etc.
According to their different characteristics, plastic particles can be divided into many different types, and they are used in various industries. Plastic particles can also be divided into raw materials and recycled materials. Raw materials are new materials, while recycled materials are recycled new materials or waste plastic that have been used. Plastic particles are formed after granulation. Recycled plastic particles are mainly graded according to the different raw materials used and the characteristics of the processed plastic particles. They are generally divided into first, second and third grade materials.
refers to the raw materials used as scraps that have not fallen to the ground, or called scraps. Some are nozzle materials, rubber head materials, etc. The quality is also relatively good, that is, they have not been used. In the process of processing new materials, the remaining small corners, or raw materials of poor quality. The particles processed from these raw materials have good transparency and their quality can be compared with new materials, so they are first-grade materials or special-grade materials.
refers to raw materials that have been used once, but high-pressure granulation is excluded. Most of the imported large pieces are used in high-pressure granulation. If the imported large pieces are industrial films, they have not been exposed to wind and sun, so their quality is also very good. The processed particles have good transparency. At this time, it should also be judged based on the brightness of the particles and whether the surface is rough.
refers to raw materials that have been used twice or more times. The processed particles are not very good in terms of elasticity, toughness, etc.
"Nanoplastic" are different from "microplastic". Plastic particles visible to the naked eye are generally processed by humans, but nanoplastic and microplastic are unconsciously produced in life, and nanoplastic are even smaller. Microplastic are defined as plastic fragments ranging in size from 1 micron to 5 mm, while nanoplastic are particles less than 1 micron in size. The diameter of a human hair is about 70 microns, which is about 1/70 of the diameter of a hair.
Plastic are high-molecular organic materials that are mainly composed of resins and are molded into a certain shape under a certain temperature and pressure with appropriate additives (such as fillers, plasticizers, curing agents, stabilizers, lubricants, colorants, etc.), and can maintain a given shape at room temperature. Resins refer to organic polymers that usually have a transformation or melting range when heated, have fluidity under the action of external forces when transformed, and are solid, semi-solid or liquid at room temperature. It is the most basic and most important component of plastic. Broadly speaking, any polymer that is used as a basic material for plastic in the plastic industry can be called a resin. Resins include natural resins and synthetic resins. Synthetic resins are mainly used in the modern plastic industry. Commonly used synthetic resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, phenolic resins, unsaturated polyester resins and epoxy resins. At room temperature, they can be solid, semi-solid or liquid. Solid or semi-solid resins become flowable melts or liquids when heated.
Most plastic are composed of carbon compounds associated with large molecules (macromolecules). In addition to carbon, plastic also contain hydrogen, and some plastic also contain oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and fluorine. Plastic are made from the main raw materials of petroleum or natural gas. Its manufacturing is divided into two steps: the synthesis of active semi-finished products. This type of semi-finished product is mostly composed of single molecules, so it is called a monomer. Thousands of single molecules are connected to form macromolecules (macromolecules). The substance produced here is called a polymer. Single molecules can be associated into macromolecules according to different reaction types, such as polymerization, condensation and addition reactions.
Plastic are mainly composed of polymers and belong to high molecular compounds, referred to as polymers. Each macromolecule contains one or more monomers, which are arranged in a certain way. First, they are arranged into many links of the same structure, and then connected into a molecular chain through chemical bonds. If a polymer is composed of molecular chains, it is called a linear polymer; if there are some short chains between the chains of macromolecules connecting them, it is called a bulk polymer. In addition, there is a network polymer, which is between the linear and bulk structures. There is actually no strict difference between the bulk structure, but the short cross-linked chains between the molecular chains are relatively loose.
After being processed into granules, waste plastic still have good comprehensive material properties, which can meet the technical requirements of film blowing, wire drawing, tube drawing, injection molding, extrusion profiles, etc., and are widely used in the production of plastic products. In daily life, plastic particles can be used to make various plastic bags, buckets, basins, toys, furniture, stationery and other daily necessities and various plastic products; in the clothing industry, they can be used to make clothing, ties, buttons, zippers; in building materials, they can be used to make various building components, building tools, plastic doors and windows, and plaster buckets; in agriculture, they can be used to make clothing films, water pipes, agricultural machinery, fertilizer packaging bags, and cement packaging bags; in the machinery industry, recycled particles can be used to make machine parts, various forms of bearings, gears, cams, wheels, sealing rings, various blades, and various water pump impellers after special formulation; in the chemical industry, they can be used to make reactors, pipes, containers, pumps, valves, etc., and are used in chemical production sites to solve corrosion and wear. In addition, recycled particles are also widely used in the electrical industry and the telecommunications industry.
Plastic products are one of the main application areas of plastic particles. According to different needs and uses, plastic products of various shapes and sizes can be made, such as plastic bottles, plastic barrels, plastic pipes, plastic boxes, plastic pallets, plastic tableware, etc. These products have the advantages of light weight, durability, and convenient processing, and are widely used in daily life and industrial production.
Plastic granules can also be used to make plastic floors, plastic wall panels, plastic roofs, plastic window frames and other building materials. These materials have the advantages of waterproof, anti-corrosion, and durability, and are suitable for various construction environments. In addition, plastic granules can also be used to make thermal insulation materials and sound insulation materials.
Plastic granules can be made into various packaging materials, such as plastic bags, plastic films, plastic foams, etc. These materials are light, flexible, and transparent, and are suitable for a variety of packaging needs. In the food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries, plastic packaging materials are also indispensable.
Plastic particles can be used to make various medical devices, such as syringes, infusion sets, blood bags, artificial organs, etc. These devices have high safety and hygiene requirements, and plastic particles can meet these requirements. At the same time, plastic products also have the advantages of transparency and easy cleaning, which are convenient for medical staff to observe and operate.
Electronic products
Plastic particles can be used to make various electronic product shells, such as mobile phone shells, computer shells, TV shells, etc. These shells need to be light, beautiful and durable, and plastic particles can meet these requirements. In addition, plastic particles can also be used to make electronic components, cables, etc.
In July 2023, the journal Environmental Science and Technology published a study on the release of microplastic and nanoplastic from plastic containers in different usage scenarios. The results of the study found that microwave heating resulted in the highest amount of microplastic and nanoplastic released into food compared with refrigeration or room temperature use, with more than 2 billion nanoplastic and 4 million microplastic released per square centimeter of container. The researchers also found that if plastic containers are used to heat liquids, including water and milk, the largest number of microplastic particles is produced; if they are only used for refrigerated storage of food or beverages, much less microplastic is released.
In November 2023, a study published in the journal Science Advances by a Duke University research team found that nanoplastic particles enter the brain and interact with protein fibers in brain neurons, thereby increasing the risk of Parkinson's disease. The study found that after nanoplastic particles enter the brain of a mouse model, they attract "¦Á-synuclein" to aggregate tightly in neurons, promote the fibril formation and replication of "¦Á-synuclein", and lead to the occurrence of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's. This process is closely related to the occurrence of Parkinson's disease. Many Parkinson's patients have abnormal folding and aggregation of "¦Á-synuclein" in their brains.
The tiny "nanoplastic" can pass through human intestinal or lung cells, enter the blood, and even reach the heart and brain. Even for pregnant mothers, it will pass through the placenta and eventually enter the fetus. The researchers detected seven common plastic materials, including PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PA (polyamide), PP (polypropylene), etc. The study found that when the bottle is squeezed or exposed to high temperatures, it may fall off with the fragments and enter the water. Even when the bottle cap is opened and closed repeatedly, many plastic particles will enter the water.
First, reduce the use of disposable plastic tableware, because disposable paper cups, plastic lunch boxes, plastic bowls and spoons, packaging bags, etc. are all plastic products; second, bring your own water cup, try to boil tap water or boil it yourself, and drink less bottled water; third, do not put a plastic bag in the bowl to hold hot food; if you need to pack, it is best to use a degradable box, and it is better to bring your own lunch box. Because high temperature will increase the rate and amount of microplastic. Fourth, try not to use plastic straws. When liquid contacts the wall of plastic straws, microplastic will be brought into the body, and hot drinks will increase this risk. Some people like to bite straws. Plastic straws will produce more microplastic when subjected to external forces. Fifth, eat less processed foods. Processed foods are packaged layer by layer and are at higher risk of microplastic contamination. Canned foods are generally coated with bisphenol A, and microplastic will inevitably degrade in food. Finally, don't litter plastic bottles and plastic bags. Classify garbage and put it in designated trash cans to reduce pollution to the environment and prevent microplastic from entering the human body through the food chain.
In January 2024, the international academic journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States" (PNAS) published a latest research progress. For the first time, researchers used new optical imaging technology to observe "nanoplastic" (plastic particles smaller than 1 micron) in life. For the first time, they calculated and identified nanoplastic particles in bottled water and found that: there are an average of about 240,000 detectable plastic particles per liter of bottled water.
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