According to the relevant documents on the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus, disinfection products such as 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectants, and peracetic acid that are not subject to special control can effectively inactivate the virus and are receiving more and more widespread attention from the society. At the same time, disinfection products also have dangerous characteristics such as flammability, toxicity, and corrosion. If they are used and stored improperly, they are very likely to cause safety accidents such as fire, poisoning, and burns. In order to regulate the safe use of disinfection products by citizens at home, the Beijing Emergency Management Bureau reminds the following:

1. Precautions for safe use of alcohol

Ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, is a flammable, volatile, colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature and pressure. Alcohol vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, which can cause explosion and combustion when exposed to open flames and high heat. Alcohol vapor is heavier than air and can spread from a lower place to a farther place. It will catch fire and burn back when it encounters a fire source. In the absence of an open flame, the self-ignition temperature of alcohol is 323буC, and it will self-ignite when it exceeds 323буC. The explosion limit of alcohol in the air is 3.3%-19%. When the alcohol content in the air reaches 3.3% or more, it will flash when it encounters a fire source; when it reaches 19% and the temperature is equal to or greater than 13буC, it will flash when it encounters a fire source.

Safety Tips for Use:

1. Pay attention to ventilation. When using alcohol indoors, you need to ensure good ventilation. Used towels and other cloth cleaning tools should be washed with a lot of water after use and then stored in a closed place, or placed in a ventilated place to dry.

2. Use correctly. Before use, thoroughly remove flammable and combustible materials around the use site. When using, do not approach heat sources and avoid open flames. Before disinfecting the surface of an electrical appliance, turn off the power first and wait for the appliance to cool down before proceeding. If you use alcohol to wipe the kitchen stove, turn off the fire source first to prevent alcohol evaporation from causing explosions. After each use of alcohol, the container must be immediately covered and closed. It is strictly forbidden to leave it open.

3. Store in appropriate amounts. Alcohol is a flammable and volatile liquid. When residents use alcohol for disinfection at home, it is recommended to buy small-packaged medical alcohol for civilian use. The single bottle should not exceed 500 ml. Never hoard alcohol in large quantities at home to avoid safety hazards.

4. Safe storage. Alcohol containers should be stored in glass or special plastic packaging, and must be reliably sealed. It is strictly forbidden to use uncovered containers. When storing residual alcohol, pay special attention to tightly closing the lid to avoid volatilization. It should be stored in a cool place away from light and should not be placed in a heat source environment such as a balcony, stove, or heater.

5. Strengthen education. In families with young children, alcohol should be placed out of reach of children to avoid accidental ingestion. For older children, parents can explain the characteristics of alcohol to their children and educate them not to play with alcohol, let alone ignite it with fire.

6. Emergency disposal. If alcohol is spilled, it should be wiped and handled in time. If alcohol is accidentally ignited, dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, etc. can be used to extinguish the fire. Small-area fires can also be covered with wet towels and wet clothes to extinguish the fire. If burning outdoors, sand can be used to cover it.

2. Precautions for safe use of chlorine-containing disinfectants

Chlorine-containing disinfectants refer to disinfectants that dissolve in water to produce hypochlorous acid with microbial killing activity. The effective microbial killing ingredients are often expressed as effective chlorine. This type of disinfectant includes inorganic chlorine compounds (such as 84 disinfectant, calcium hypochlorite, trisodium phosphate, etc.) and organic chlorine compounds (such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, ammonium chloride T, etc.). Chlorine-containing disinfectants have certain oxidizing, corrosive and allergenic properties. Excessive or long-term contact may cause burns to the human body. Mixing with other substances may cause chemical reactions and poisoning.

Safety Tips for Use:

1. Take protection. Chlorine-containing disinfectants are generally very irritating or corrosive. If they are in direct contact with the human body for a long time, they will cause great irritation to human skin and mucous membranes. Rubber gloves must be worn when preparing and using them.

2. Use correctly. Chlorine-containing disinfectants are strictly prohibited from being mixed with other disinfection or cleaning products. For example, when 84 disinfectant is mixed with toilet cleaner, toxic gas will be produced, which will irritate the throat, respiratory tract and lungs of the human body and cause poisoning.

3. Standard use. Chlorine-containing disinfectants generally have strong bleaching and corrosive effects. It is strictly prohibited to contact with acidic substances. It is best not to use them for clothing disinfection. When they must be used, the concentration should be low and the soaking time should not be too long.

4. Safe storage. Chlorine-containing disinfectants should be stored in a cool, ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, avoid direct sunlight, and should be placed out of the reach of children to avoid accidental ingestion.

5. Emergency treatment. When the skin is contaminated with chlorine-containing disinfectant concentrate, it must be immediately rinsed with a large amount of running water. When the eyes are splashed with chlorine-containing disinfectants, they must be continuously rinsed with clean water or saline and quickly sent to the hospital for treatment. Those who accidentally ingested can be fed milk, egg white, etc. immediately to protect the gastric mucosa and reduce damage, and then induce vomiting and immediately sent to the hospital for treatment.

III. Precautions for safe use of peracetic acid

Peracetic acid disinfectant is a strong oxidant, a colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor and acidic corrosiveness. It must be diluted before use. Peracetic acid can be decomposed into acetic acid and oxygen. It will react violently when in contact with reducing agents, organic matter, etc., and there is a risk of combustion and explosion.

Safety tips for use:

1. Take protection. The purchased peracetic acid disinfectant should be diluted strictly in accordance with the concentration and instructions for use. Rubber gloves must be worn during dilution and use. Handle it with care and avoid violent shaking to prevent splashing into the eyes, skin, and clothing.

2. Use it correctly. Peracetic acid disinfectant has a certain degree of toxicity. When spraying it indoors for disinfection, the concentration should not be too high to avoid harming the human body. When performing indoor fumigation disinfection, personnel should evacuate the site, and personnel can only enter after the indoor ventilation is completed for 15 minutes. Peracetic acid is corrosive to metals and cannot be used to disinfect metal objects.

3. Safe storage. Peracetic acid disinfectant should be stored in a cool, ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, avoid direct sunlight, and should be kept out of the reach of children to avoid accidental ingestion.

4. Emergency treatment. If the skin is contaminated with peracetic acid disinfectant, it must be immediately rinsed with plenty of running water. If the eyes are splashed with peracetic acid disinfectant, they must be continuously rinsed with water or saline and sent to the hospital for treatment immediately.

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