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With China Plastic Machinery
With China Plastic Machinery
Plastic molding equipment is developed on the basis of rubber machinery and metal die-casting machines. Since the emergence of polymer injection molding technology and simple molding equipment in the 1870s, as an industry, it did not achieve rapid development until the 1930s. Plastic molding equipment has gradually become commercialized, and injection molding and extrusion molding have become industrialized processing methods. Blow molding is the third largest plastic molding method after injection molding and extrusion, and it is also the fastest growing plastic molding method.
Plastic Injection Molding Machine
Plastic injection molding is a molding method that combines injection and molding. Its equipment is called plastic injection molding machine, or injection molding machine for short. Plastic injection molding machine is the main molding equipment for making thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics into various plastic products. Ordinary plastic injection molding machine refers to the most widely used single-screw or plunger horizontal, vertical or angle single-station injection molding machine for processing thermoplastics.
Other types of injection molding machines, such as thermosetting plastics, structural foaming, multi-component, reactive, exhaust-type injection molding machines, refer to some injection molding machines whose processed materials and machine structural characteristics are quite different from those of ordinary plastic injection molding machines. At present, about 30% of the plastic raw materials in the world are used for injection molding, and injection molding machines account for about 40% of the total output of plastic machinery. They have become an important part of the plastic processing industry and the plastic machinery industry, and are one of the fastest growing, most diverse and produced models of plastic machinery products.
Plastic Extruder
In plastic extrusion molding equipment, plastic extruders are usually called main machines, and the subsequent equipment plastic extrusion molding machines that match them are called auxiliary machines. After more than 100 years of development, plastic extruders have evolved from the original single screw to twin screws, multi-screws, and even screwless models. Plastic extruder (main machine) can be matched with various plastic molding auxiliary machines such as pipes, films, materials, monofilaments, flat wires, strapping tapes, extruded nets, plates (sheets), profiles, granulation, cable coating, etc. to form various plastic extrusion molding production lines and produce various plastic products. Therefore, plastic extrusion molding machinery is one of the widely used machines in the plastic processing industry, whether now or in the future.
Plastic blow molding machine
Blow molding consists of two basic steps: first forming the parison, and then using compressed air (and stretching rod) to radially inflate (and axially stretch) the parison, so that it is close to (stretched) the blow mold cavity, giving the shape and size of the cavity to the product, and cooling it. According to the method of parison molding, blow molding is divided into two categories: extrusion blow molding and injection blow molding; the equipment (especially the mold) of extrusion blow molding has low cost and energy consumption, and can mold large-volume containers and products with complex shapes; injection blow molding containers have high dimensional accuracy, do not form joints, and generally do not produce scraps.
Multilayer blow molding
Molding includes co-extrusion blow molding and co-injection blow molding; stretch blow molding includes injection stretch blow molding and extrusion stretch blow molding. Stretch blow molding can be divided into one-step method and two-step method.
In the one-step method, since the molding, cooling, heating, stretching and blowing of the parison and the removal of the container are completed in sequence on one machine, the equipment cost and energy consumption are low, and it can be used for small batch production; in the two-step method, since the molding of the parison and the reheating, stretching and blowing of the parison are carried out on two machines respectively, the output is high and it is suitable for mass production. Plastic blow molding machinery is one of the fastest growing and widely used machines in the plastic processing industry.
Press and transfer molding machine
Compression molding and transfer molding are the main molding methods for thermosetting plastics. The press used for compression molding and the transfer molding machine used for transfer molding are the main molding equipment for various plastic products made of thermosetting plastics. The function of the press is to apply pressure to the plastic through the plastic mold. If a fixed mold is used, it also has the function of opening and closing the mold and ejecting the product. The presses used for compression molding are divided into two categories: motorized presses and hydraulic presses. Since the manufacture, operation and repair of motorized presses are more complicated than hydraulic presses, and they are not suitable for compression molding of large plastic parts, they are gradually eliminated. The presses currently used are basically hydraulic presses. The pressure medium of hydraulic presses usually includes oil and water. The former is widely used in small and medium-sized equipment. Transfer molding equipment can use the same hydraulic press as compression molding, or a dedicated transfer molding machine. The transfer molding machine is actually a double-pressure hydraulic press with two hydraulic cylinders. According to its structure, it can be divided into two types: upper and lower double-pressure type and right-angle type.
Thermoforming machine
There are only three methods for thermoforming plastics, namely female mold molding, male mold molding and counter-mold molding. Thermoforming machinery should be able to repeat the thermoforming production cycle according to a certain procedure to manufacture exactly the same products. There are many types of thermoforming machines, including manual, semi-automatic and automatic thermoforming machines. If the volume of thermoformed products is large but the quantity is small, it is appropriate to use a semi-automatic or manual thermoforming machine. On the contrary, if the volume of the product is small but the quantity is large, it is more appropriate to use an automated thermoforming machine.
Multi-layer blow molding high barrier hollow products account for an increasingly large proportion in the field of hollow products. The process is to extrude and blow several different raw materials through a composite die head to form hollow products to achieve the barrier properties of the container to C02, O2, or gasoline.
The research on multi-layer co-extrusion hollow plastic molding machines mainly focuses on the following three points: (1) Research on a certain range of co-extrusion heads (die heads) to meet the requirements of different materials, different numbers of layers, die head diameters, etc.; (2) Research on combination packaging systems, which can tailor-make the possible number of allowable combinations of heads according to different raw materials; (3) Research on basic mechanical programs, which can use different numbers of molding stations and platform sizes including production speed and product design.
The die head is the heart and brain of the multi-layer co-extrusion hollow plastic molding machine, and there are multi-level stacking and superposition types. The performance of the die head should be able to achieve: control each layer to achieve the best state and perfect circumferential and lateral material distribution, and be able to process a wide range of plastic raw materials and different extrusion volumes without being affected by material distribution. The spiral mandrel combination system is highly adaptable, and the multi-stage structure can reach seven layers, which meets the needs of special products and has optimal processing conditions. It is the preferred system for multi-layer co-extrusion heads. The rheological design of the multi-layer co-extrusion head is the key to the design. It should be able to achieve that the head does not rely on the raw material viscosity related to productivity and raw material distribution, has good self-cleaning function at low extrusion volume and minimum shear heat at high extrusion volume, has good circumferential distribution in each layer, and the layer combination raw material is evenly distributed. It can process a wide range of plastic raw materials, different extrusion volumes and different extrusion volume ratios. Large multi-layer co-extrusion hollow plastic molding machines use a storage-type die head. The structure is that the main die head is above the die heads of each layer, and is equipped with a concentric annular piston. The die head and the storage cavity are integrated, so that high-speed extrusion of the parison can be achieved under low pressure.
The adaptability and combination of the extruder are the prerequisites for ensuring the quality of multi-layer co-extruded hollow plastic products. The developer must first have a thorough understanding of the objects to be processed by the developed multi-layer co-extrusion hollow plastic molding machine (including products, the characteristics of the materials of each layer of the product and the bonding properties between the materials of each layer, and the characteristics of the tackifier), and then design an extruder that adapts to the required plasticized material object and determines the number and type of extruders required.
The extruder should be able to adapt to different flow rates and plasticization of different materials, and the productivity should be higher than that of the standard extruder. The structure of the screw and barrel is different depending on the nature of the processed material. Each extrusion device should be equipped with an automatically controlled quantitative feeding hopper to accurately control the amount of feeding.
Product development focus: 0.2L-1L cosmetics and household hygiene cleaners 2-3 layer co-extrusion hollow plastic molding machine; 4-6 layer co-extrusion automobile fuel tank hollow plastic molding machine; 220L large multi-layer co-extrusion hollow plastic molding machine.
Shortening the production cycle and improving production efficiency are important contents of the technological progress of large extrusion blow hollow plastic molding machines.
Improving plasticizing capacity is a prerequisite for improving production efficiency. Develop screw barrels with high plasticizing performance and high conveying capacity. Promote the application of high-yield plasticizing extrusion "IKV" structure with forced feeding and forced cooling.
Shorten the blow molding cooling molding time. Increasing the blowing pressure and using low-temperature dry high-pressure air for blow molding are the key to shortening the blow molding cooling molding time and improving the quality of products.
Improve the performance of the storage head. Develop a high-performance double-layer heart-shaped envelope flow channel storage head. First in, first out, quick color and material change, and easy cleaning are important features of high-performance storage heads. The positive approach is to use advanced CAD methods combined with high-quality steel, precision processing equipment and advanced CAE processing methods.
The latch-type tie-bar-free clamping mechanism is a clamping structure developed in recent years. It has the characteristics of large and evenly distributed clamping force, easy loading and unloading of molds, large mold capacity, and energy saving. The guide motion pair adopts a ball linear guide with a small friction coefficient, stable movement, and high running accuracy. The rapid mold shifting is achieved by a servo motor through a ball screw. High-pressure clamping is that after the latch on one template is inserted into the locking sleeve on the other template, more than two pairs of clamping cylinders distributed on the left and right sides of one template tighten the other template to achieve high-pressure clamping. Otherwise, it is high-pressure mold opening.
Hydraulic synchronous drive tie-bar-free clamping mechanism. It uses two sets of symmetrical hydraulic drive mechanisms to synchronously drive their respective templates. Since the center of the template is affected by the force of the driving cylinder, the weight of the template can be reduced, the locking deformation can be reduced, the loading and unloading of the mold is easier, the mold capacity is larger, and it is more suitable for the operation of the manipulator. It is more superior than the pin-type tie-rod-free clamping mechanism in terms of performance and is worthy of promotion and application.
The research and development and promotion of the radial wall thickness distribution system (PWDS), which works together with the axial wall thickness distribution system (AWDS), can obtain the best parison and more ideal product wall thickness distribution.
The focus of the technical progress of the single-layer small extrusion blow molding machine is to develop in the direction of high efficiency, high productivity, multi-station and multi-function.
The research and development of the "one-step" injection stretch blow molding machine includes two aspects: the host and the mold. The injection stretch blow molding machine is a device that combines the main machine and the mold. In terms of the importance of the main machine and the mold to the whole machine, the main machine only accounts for 40% of the whole machine, while the mold accounts for 60% of the whole machine. The mold is the research focus of the "one-step" injection stretch blow molding machine. The mold of the injection preform is the research focus of the mold.
The high speed of the turntable and the positioning stability are the research focuses of the main machine.
Promote the application of the gear rack synchronous blow molding clamping mechanism to improve the repeatability and production efficiency of the centering performance of the clamping mechanism.
Increasing the molding speed is the main goal of the stretch blow molding machine. The key is to optimize the heating system to reduce the heating time, increase the running and conveying speed of the preform, improve the performance of the fast and stable positioning of the preform, shorten the mold opening and closing and the blowing pressure head lifting time, and increase the number of molding cavities.
Develop a detection system that can detect the concentricity, inner diameter and other precision qualities of the preform.
Develop an online stretch blow molding production line that integrates the heating, stretching and blow molding of preforms, filling, labeling and packaging of raw materials in one operation. The characteristics of this production line are: the filling of liquid raw materials does not require the bottle to be cleaned again, and the filling can be carried out in a closed and pollution-free environment. For example, after the infusion bottle is blow-molded by purified compressed air, the liquid medicine is immediately injected and then transported to the packaging station by the conveying mechanism for packaging.
Material changes Thermosetting plastics and their molding methods Thermoplastic resins and their molding methods are different
Plastic molding machine processing and use is an engineering technology, which involves various processes for converting plastics into plastic products. During the transformation process, one or more of the following situations often occur, such as changes in the rheology and physical and chemical properties of the polymer.
Plastic molding machine molding methods include the following.
Compression molding
The main equipment for compression molding is the press and the mold. The most commonly used press is the self-contained hydraulic press, with tonnage ranging from tens of tons to hundreds of tons. There are down-press presses and up-press presses. The molds used for compression molding are called compression molds, which are divided into three categories: overflow molds, semi-overflow molds, and non-overflow molds. The main advantages of compression molding are that it can mold products with larger surfaces and can be mass-produced, but its disadvantages are long production cycles and low efficiency.
Injection molding
Laminating molding is usually operated by a laminating machine, in which a multi-layer floating hot press plate is installed between the dynamic platen and the fixed platen of this press. Commonly used reinforcing materials for laminating molding include cotton cloth, glass cloth, paper, asbestos cloth, etc., and resins include phenolic, epoxy, unsaturated polyester, and some thermoplastic resins. Injection blow molding Extrusion blow molding Stretch blow molding Film coating Hot melt coating Fluidized spraying Flame spraying Electrostatic spraying Plasma spraying.
Extrusion
Extrusion is also called extrusion molding or extrusion. It is a method of forming materials by heating and pressurizing them in an extruder so that they flow continuously through a die. Extrusion is mainly used for the molding of thermoplastics and can also be used for some thermosetting plastics. The extruded products are all continuous profiles, such as tubes, rods, wire sheets, films, wire and cable coatings, etc. In addition, it can also be used for mixing, plasticizing and granulating, coloring, blending, etc. of plastics. The extrusion molding machine consists of the main parts of the extrusion device, the transmission mechanism, and the heating and cooling system. There are two types of extruders: screw type (single screw and multi-screw) and plunger type. The extrusion process of the former is continuous, and the latter is intermittent. The basic structure of a single-screw extruder mainly includes transmission device, feeding device, barrel, screw, die head and die. The auxiliary equipment of the extruder includes three categories: material pre-treatment equipment (such as material conveying and drying), extrudate processing equipment (forming, cooling, traction, cutting or rolling) and production condition control equipment.
Pultrusion molding
Pultrusion molding is one of the molding methods of thermosetting fiber reinforced plastics. It is used to produce profiles with fixed cross-sectional shapes and unlimited length. The molding process is to pull out continuous fibers impregnated with resin glue through a heating mold, and then pass through a heating chamber to further solidify the resin to prepare a unidirectional high-strength continuous reinforced plastic profile.
The resins commonly used for pultrusion molding are unsaturated polyester, epoxy and silicone. Among them, unsaturated polyester resin is the most used. The pultrusion molding machine is usually composed of a fiber arrangement device, a resin tank, a preforming device, a die and a heating device, a traction device and a cutting device.
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