(Liu Zhen, Yu Xiaodan, Li Shanshan, Liu Jingjing) The "Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations" has been implemented for nearly 5 days, and many people have joined the craze of waste classification.

Recently, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development also announced that by the end of 2020, the 46 key cities that have taken the lead in the trial will basically have built a waste classification and treatment system. Before 2025, China's cities at the prefecture level and above must basically have built a waste classification and treatment system.

Waste classification will be the focus of popularization in the future and a required course that involves everyone.

Waste classification from the source will reduce resource waste and protect the environment at a minimum, and will benefit the present and future generations at a large scale.

Garbage is a resource placed in the wrong place

First of all, let's popularize science. What else can discarded garbage be used for?

According to statistics from the China Urban Environmental Sanitation Association, China's urban domestic waste exceeds 150 million tons per year, and increases at an annual rate of 8%-10%. Two-thirds of China's 688 cities (excluding county towns) have already encountered garbage problems. The value of resource losses caused by garbage is between 25 billion and 30 billion yuan each year.

Rough estimate:

1 ton of waste paper can produce 850 kilograms of good paper, saving 300 kilograms of wood, which is equivalent to cutting down 17 mature trees;

1 ton of waste plastic can be recycled into 300 kilograms of unleaded gasoline and diesel;

1 ton of waste steel can be refined into 750 kilograms of good steel;

1 ton of waste glass can make 20,000 500-gram glass bottles.

Is this not new? Let's take a look!

"Black technology" helps, "eat" garbage, "spit" out real gold and silver

According to Xinhua News Agency, every ton of waste plastic (such as electrical housing, etc.) recycled and processed is equivalent to saving 5-6 tons of crude oil; one ton of waste circuit boards and old mobile phones can be refined into 200-300 grams of gold, while the average gold ore can only refine 5 grams of gold per ton; more than 50 million waste home appliances can be disassembled into 2.5 million tons of copper, iron, aluminum, plastic, rubber, glass and other usable resources; personal computers can not only extract real gold and silver, but also other rare metals...

Take Japan as an example, their cherishment and recycling of "urban mines" are amazing.

Japan mentioned in the white paper on science and technology released in 2010 that it would develop a rare earth efficient recovery system and rare earth alternative materials, and also give priority to funding rare earth recycling and refining research by establishing an environmental waste management research fund. At present, Japan is the country with the largest reserves of rare earth resources in the world.

As a country with a large population of food and drinkers, China's restaurant kitchen waste accounts for about 37%-62% of urban domestic waste.

If the food waste is properly classified in the early stage, separated from heavy metals, and separated from the dry and wet parts, after later processing, the food waste can be reused.

How to deal with food waste? Take a look at the tricks of these countries!

In Sweden, food waste is converted into bio-oil, which can be used as fuel for vehicles and other means of transportation, and can also be turned into organic fertilizer to provide nutrients for crops.

In the UK, the world's first fully enclosed food waste power plant was built at a cost of 24 million pounds, using food waste to generate electricity, which has brought a sensational effect.

In South Korea, food waste is charged "according to the volume", thereby encouraging residents to reduce the amount of waste. It is predicted that after implementation, the food waste in Seoul can be reduced by about 670 tons per day.

Beside a small road in Shijingshan, Beijing, an old man quietly sat on a roadside scenic chair to bask in the sun. The red twisted steel tables and chairs, with simple shapes and smooth lines, matched with gray tiles and white walls, are like a three-dimensional painting.

What is different is that the solid bricks used for the fence, the permeable bricks used for the trail, and the roadbed used for paving are all from construction waste. Even the various iron decorations hanging on the fence, the dustproof layer of waste wood in the tree pit, and the roadside seats are all construction waste from the demolition site.

In the future, Beijing will become such a "sponge city": no water accumulation in light rain, no waterlogging in heavy rain, no black and smelly water bodies, and reduced heat islands.

This requires that in the front-end disposal of construction waste, effective classification and management should be achieved from the source of the construction site, and the use of recycled products at the back end should be strengthened to achieve a true closed loop of construction resources.

There is still a long way to go to turn garbage into resources

According to Science Popularization China, Germany can recycle 2/3 of domestic garbage through classification, and the annual income from garbage treatment can reach 70 billion euros. And according to the cost of safe treatment, we still have to invest tens of billions of yuan in garbage treatment every year.

(Illustrated source of garbage treatment plans in some countries and regions: Science Popularization China)

Zhang Ying, an associate researcher at the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told CCTV.com reporters that the main methods of garbage treatment abroad are deep landfill, incineration, composting and recycling. China's garbage treatment technology started relatively late, and currently mainly uses landfill and incineration.

Statistics show that 60% of China's garbage was landfilled in 2017. In fact, only a part of the garbage needs to be landfilled, and garbage classification is the key to reducing this volume. Do a good job of classification at the front end, adopt targeted treatment methods for different types of garbage, create value for recyclables, and concentrate deep landfill for toxic and hazardous garbage, which will minimize the negative impact on the environment.

Professor Zeng Gang of the School of Resources and Environmental Sciences of East China Normal University said that the focus of garbage classification is to reduce the total amount of garbage from the source of the industry, among which enterprises are an important link. For example, excessive packaging should be avoided in product production and transportation, and old electrical appliances and packaging should be effectively recycled to form a complete industrial chain as soon as possible. For market supervision of enterprises, a combination of rewards and punishments should be adopted. On the one hand, violators should be severely punished, and on the other hand, economic means such as reducing corporate taxes should be used to enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate, so as to reduce profits in exchange for environmental protection losses, thereby forming a healthy and favorable market environment for garbage classification.

Garbage classification is difficult at the beginning, but it becomes natural after forming a habit

It took Japan 27 years to form an atmosphere of national participation in garbage classification, and Germany took about 40 years to see results.

China started garbage classification as early as 2000. Although the results have not been ideal in the past 19 years, the foundation has been laid.

In Beijing, the awareness rate of residents about the "four classifications" of domestic garbage has reached 80%.

In Hangzhou, Xiaoshan District built a "super brain" for the district's garbage classification data.

In Xiamen, the participation rate of residents in garbage classification reached 93.6% and the accuracy rate reached 70%.

In Shenzhen, a system for the collection, transportation and treatment of nine categories of domestic garbage covering the entire city has been established.

"Garbage classification is the new fashion", if you don't understand garbage classification, you are really OUT!

The following knowledge popularization must be read!

Garbage classification protects the environment, and it is very important to separate the garbage at the source.

(Source of the illustration: Beijing Municipal Administration Committee)

The four-color bins are placed side by side, and classification is the key.

(Source of the illustration: Beijing Municipal Administration Committee)

Classify the bins and throw them into the bins according to their preferences, and garbage recycling turns waste into treasure.

(Source of illustration: Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management)

"Garbage classification is easier said than done. The most critical problem is that people have not formed a habit of scientifically classifying garbage." Zhang Ying said that once good habits are formed, garbage classification is not a very difficult thing. The premise is that everyone can understand the importance of this work and its significance to themselves.

(Source: WeChat public account "Manage the City" of Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management, WeChat public account "Green Shanghai" of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Greening and Urban Appearance Management, Science Popularization China, Xinhua News Agency, etc.)

Plastic Industry Video