According to the news on July 16, Sanhe Fuhai Special Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has developed a set of process equipment that can realize pollution-free flexible oiling of waste plastics. Its research and development success, cracked the problem of plastic waste treatment, to achieve no pollution in the treatment process, while garbage into energy, the birth of greater value of waste plastics, and after simple processing, 98% of the raw oil will be used for production and life of diesel or gasoline, oil quality to meet national standards.

In May 28 this year, the Development Research Center of The State Council "waste plastic energy utilization research" seminar, this process has been the Ministry of Environmental Protection solid waste management center, the National Development and Reform Commission, Tsinghua University experts recognized. Among them, Jin Yong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and dean of the Institute of Chemical Science and Technology of Tsinghua University, believes that: "The whole set of equipment is unique in the process and cleverly conceived."

The first "flexible" process, the oil yield is as high as 95%

Waste plastic into oil, equivalent to a reverse reaction process.

" Plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene and other products generated by polymerization of olefin molecules in petroleum." Li Yong said that the large molecules that have been polymerized in waste plastics are cracked at high temperatures, the molecular chain is broken and depolymerized into small molecules, and small olefin molecules can be converted into gasoline and diesel.

Although the direction of plastic oil is well known, it is possible in theory, but how to achieve no pollution, high oil yield and realize industrialization and continuous production has become a worldwide problem that needs to be solved urgently. China has carried out research in this area for more than 30 years, but there has been no breakthrough.

" The difficulty is that plastic oiling is a whole set of system equipment, involving oil refining, machinery manufacturing, industrial design, automation control and other professions, in the specific test process, a deviation in the adjustment of process details or equipment parameters will lead to the chaos of the whole chain, and there is no previous experience to learn from." "Li Yong said.

To the author's surprise, the Fuhai company that broke through this technology gap was actually a homegrown private enterprise in Sanhe City. Li Yong began to study plastic oil technology in 2010, after visiting China University of Petroleum, Beijing University of Chemical Technology and other places related experts, has invested more than 40 million yuan, after continuous tests, in June 2013 in China to take the lead in the development of this equipment. Li Yong named it "pollution-free flexible oiling process for waste plastics".

Why is it called flexible? In the face of the author's question, Li Yong said: "Flexibility is my own name for this process, the chemical field does not have this professional term." Li Yong introduced that the flexible process compared with other plastic oil technology, the most direct difference is that the whole process from low to three kinds of temperature, slow cracking of waste plastic oil, rather than the "local oil refining" to take the high temperature rapid cracking reaction, so that plastics quickly gasification. The previous plastic oil process, the chemical reaction is intense, our process, the chemical reaction is soft, so it is called flexible."

The process of waste plastics into gasoline and diesel generally includes: plastic crushing — Low temperature depolymerization liquefaction; Solid-liquid separation retorting – High temperature heating grout. Catalytic pyrolysis gasification Condensation separation. Refined oil products. In November 2013, this process passed the identification and acceptance of new products and new technologies of the provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, and the performance indicators are leading in China, which can realize mass production. " Other waste plastic oil process in China, it is difficult to control the reaction temperature of raw materials in the whole process, and the reaction temperature is mostly 360¡æ. Between 600¡æ, always running at a high level." Li Yong explained that the flexible oil process makes the waste plastic run at 200¡æ by reasonably controlling the reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure. 250¡æ began cracking reaction, gradually transition to high temperature, step by step classification of all kinds of oil collection, to avoid excessive high temperature cracking of coking, polycondensation reaction aromatization, reduce the coking rate of raw materials, reduce the content of impurities in the oil.

" The whole process is not only conducive to the production of oil, "Li Yong said," but also has a high oil yield, up to 95%." Crack the problem of "fluidization" and turn waste plastics into wealth.

In the plastic oil workshop of Fuhai Company, waste plastics enter the feed port and are transported to the highest device in the equipment by conveyor belt after pretreatment. — In the heating furnace, and then top-down through the pyrolysis reactor, catalytic reaction tower, fractionating tower, cooling tower treatment, raw oil from the end of the outlet out. The whole process seems to be natural, but it is necessary to crack a problem in research and development, and the fluidization of waste plastics is one of them.

There are generally two methods for the traditional oil utilization of waste plastics. The simplest and most of the "soil oil refining" method is thermal cracking, put the waste plastic into the high temperature heating furnace for thermal cracking, the disadvantage is that the reaction temperature is high, the time is long, the energy consumption is large, the discharge of a lot of waste residue waste gas. Another method is catalytic cracking, the catalyst and waste plastic mixed together for heating, fast reaction, low energy consumption, but more impurities in the oil.

" Because plastic is a poor conductor of heat, the use of these two methods, in the high temperature furnace, close to the furnace wall of the plastic will be rapidly carbonized, a little far away from the furnace of the plastic is not fully liquefied, plastic can not fill the solution, so it will cause low oil yield, poor quality of oil." Li Yong said that more importantly, these two kinds of process equipment can only use intermittent operation, can not carry out industrial continuous production, "that is, after a furnace of plastic pyrolysis, must wait for the furnace to cool and then add material, before adding material to the inner wall of the furnace adhesion to clean up."

But the flexible oil equipment uses a special liquid slurry process, through reasonable control of chemical reaction conditions, the process cycle, so that the plastic in the whole reaction process to achieve liquid fluidization." The liquid plastic is not easy to cause the blockage of the pipeline, and will not form a large number of fixtures on the inner wall of the equipment, which avoids the problem that the cleaning equipment can only work intermittently, and greatly improves the treatment efficiency. At present, the equipment can handle up to 300 tons of plastic waste per day, Li said.

In order to realize the continuous treatment of waste plastics, they also developed a "pneumatic compact closed inlet device", the raw materials in the heating furnace to promote at the same time, the air pump immediately sealed the furnace, "the edge of the push closed, to achieve the entire process of completely closed continuous operation."

The breakthrough of flexible oiling process opens up a new path for the expansion of energy. Li Yong introduced that compared with crude oil refining into gasoline and diesel 60%. "At 70 percent, 98 percent of the raw oil produced from plastic oil can be refined into gasoline and diesel." One ton of gasoline and diesel produced by plastic oil is equivalent to 2.2 tons of crude oil."

At present, the energy utilization rate of waste plastics in developed countries is more than 70%, while the recycling rate of waste plastics in China is only 22%, which means that more than 30 million tons of waste plastics produced in China every year are wasted, not only a waste of resources, but also pollute the environment.

" If the flexible oil process is used, these plastics will become wealth." Li Yong did the math: If the technology is industrialized, the country can use waste plastics to produce more than 20 million tons of diesel every year, with a market price of more than 200 billion yuan, equivalent to reducing the use of 60 million tons of crude oil to refine diesel, equal to 70% of the country's annual imports of crude oil, which is higher than the peak oil output of 55 million tons in Daqing Oilfield. It is equivalent to discovering a new "Daqing oilfield" for the country. And because of the wide range of raw materials, this oil field Oil fields. Will be spread all over the country, neither polluting the environment nor changing the geological structure."

Closed no oxidation method, the treatment process is nearly zero pollution clear and transparent, no different from the gasoline at the gas station. July 16, in the Fuhai company renewable energy equipment and technology research Institute, the author saw the waste plastic "change" into gasoline. " After the detection and analysis of the Research Institute of Petrochemical Science, the flash point, density, viscosity, ash and other indicators of this oil are higher than the national standard." According to Li, the quality of the oil is not only high, but the entire production process is nearly pollution-free.

In the meeting room of the Fuhai Company, I opened the window and could not smell the pungent smell of "indigenous oil refining". All I could see was the pale white smoke from a chimney on top of a running heating furnace not far away.

Li Yong introduced that at present, the main ways of waste plastic treatment in China are landfill, incineration, granulation and so on. Landfill occupies a large amount of land, resulting in secondary pollution; The toxic and harmful substances produced by incineration are difficult to be completely disposed of and pollute the environment; Granulation requires clean plastic and raw materials need to be cleaned in advance, which will waste a lot of water resources.

" Our flexible oiling equipment and processes have very low requirements for raw materials, which are inferior plastics that can no longer be recycled. Therefore, compared with other processing methods, it does not occupy land; Raw materials do not need to be washed, and there is no waste water discharge; Due to the use of closed, no oxidation method, after three kinds of low, middle and high temperatures, the part of the plastic that can be converted into oil is collected step by step, and it is really achieved. Wring dry and eating clean; There is basically no waste residue. The whole set of sealed equipment is only designed in the heating furnace with a discharge port, which emits a small amount of waste gas. It can realize the environmental protection and efficient utilization of waste plastics."

Li Yong said that the entire process equipment of Fuhai company has passed the professional testing institution. — Beijing Pini testing Co., Ltd. test, soot, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride emission concentration of 4.5mg/m3, 28mg/m3, 4mg/m3, 0.34mg/m3, far lower than the national standard.

At the end of this year, Fuhai Company will invest in Sanhe City to build a day to treat 100 tons of zero pollution waste plastic flexible oil process production line. It is understood that after the completion of the production line can take the lead in solving the white pollution problem in Langfang area, and even radiate the surrounding area to help deal with plastic waste in Beijing and Tianjin.

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