China's economic and social development has entered a stage of high-quality development with accelerated greening and low-carbonization. As an important carrier for world-class urban agglomerations to participate in global competition, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a key region for building a beautiful China, bearing the historical responsibility of being a world-class beautiful bay area demonstration and a model of high-quality development. In recent years, the Greater Bay Area has taken the construction of a beautiful China pilot area as its goal, and has solidly implemented the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Ecological and Environmental Protection Plan", and the overall marine ecological environment has improved. "Deepening the application of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, building a digital governance system for a beautiful China, and building a green and intelligent digital ecological civilization" has become the main theme of ecological civilization construction in the new era. Data empowerment steadily promotes the construction of modern marine ecological civilization in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, applies technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing and big data, fully explores the integration elements of digital + ecology, adheres to the overall, systematic and comprehensive governance of the bay area's marine ecological environment, builds a regional coordinated modern governance network system, and creates a bay area ecological corridor and marine biodiversity protection network. It is an urgent problem to be solved in the construction of a beautiful China in the new era.

Building a "one map" of the bay area's marine ecological environment data and comprehensively improving the overall planning and system management level of marine space. The fluidity and connectivity of seawater seem to integrate the Greater Bay Area into a whole. Administrative boundaries and institutional differences have led to serious fragmentation of marine ecological data. Accelerate the collection and aggregation of marine ecological environment data in the Bay Area, break down the barriers to marine ecological data in the Greater Bay Area, promote data interconnection and sharing among departments in various regions, and comprehensively plan a new pattern of ecological security and opening up in the marine space of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The system collects environmental data such as seawater quality, benthic organisms on the seabed, marine functional zoning, natural coastline changes, and island ecological landscapes in the Pearl River Estuary and its eight major mouths, Dapeng Bay, Daya Bay, Zhenhai Bay, Guanghai Bay, Huangmao Sea, and Hong Kong Island, and creates a marine big data information chain with "collection-transmission-mining-application-sharing" as the main line, and builds a four-in-one Greater Bay Area marine ecological base map of seabed-seawater-coast-watershed, and improves the level of integration, refinement, and intelligence of land and sea resources and ecological protection. Strengthen data connectivity with the fields of ecological environment, natural resources, agriculture and rural areas, meteorology, energy, development and reform, plan to promote the integration and co-construction of marine ecological environment data in the Bay Area, find out the "family background" of the Bay Area's marine ecology at this stage, and formulate a standard and specification system that conforms to the actual situation of the Bay Area. Scientifically evaluate the marine ecological security of the Bay Area, especially the quality of typical marine ecosystems such as mangroves and seagrass beds, actively carry out surveys on the population and diversity of marine biological resources in the Greater Bay Area, and provide intelligent support for the comprehensive and coordinated management of the Bay Area's marine ecology. Build a "one map" comprehensive management platform for smart ecological oceans. Strengthen the precise implementation and integrated management of systems such as marine ecological environment planning, marine ecological red lines, and marine main functional areas, and optimize the new pattern of marine ecological security in the Greater Bay Area.

Establish an e-government in the Greater Bay Area and conclude an intergovernmental marine ecological protection and governance alliance for the "9+2" cities. There are differences between two systems, three legal systems, and multiple institutional cultures in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The barriers between different administrative regions and organizational boundaries will exist for a long time, and there is heterogeneity in the systems, models and means of marine ecological environment protection and governance. Explore the establishment of an e-government in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, apply leading technologies such as AI, big data, and cloud computing, and support the integration and innovation of the big government model, digital government, and digital ocean among Hong Kong, Macao, and the nine cities in Guangdong; such as the cross-border query and transmission of information such as the negative list of marine enterprise access, the emission standards and total control of pollutants entering the sea, the seawater quality standards, and the standards for marine ecological compensation, to provide technical conditions for the comprehensive and coordinated governance of marine ecological pollution in the Greater Bay Area. Break the fragmented traditional collaboration model of "one discussion for each issue, one policy for each issue", and conclude a Greater Bay Area government marine ecological protection and governance alliance. Led by central ministries and commissions, and participated by the "9+2" local governments, the Greater Bay Area Marine Ecological Protection and Governance Committee was jointly established, which is mainly responsible for making decisions on strategic, overall, and major environmental issues in the development of the Greater Bay Area's marine environmental protection and governance; a special fixed collaborative management agency is set up, mainly composed of the heads of the marine ecological environment departments of the three cities, and is mainly responsible for specific projects of marine ecological protection and governance in the Greater Bay Area. At the same time, a scientific think tank for the Greater Bay Area marine environment can be established, mainly composed of technical experts, to provide professional technical advice for the protection, restoration, disaster prevention and mitigation of the Bay Area's marine ecology. Encourage the diversification of intergovernmental alliance collaboration to promote the optimization of the mechanism and system of marine ecological environment management in the Bay Area, including marine ecological quality forecast and early warning, marine environmental technical quality standard system, joint prevention and control of marine ecological pollution, marine ecological protection fund system, etc., to open up a new situation for the coordinated governance of the marine environment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Improve digital precision monitoring capabilities and build a collaborative governance platform. Explore the establishment of a marine ecological environment monitoring and supervision system that focuses on marine ecological risk prevention, uses artificial intelligence as a technical foundation, and is driven by big data. Break the "data chimney" and information islands to further release the value of marine ecological data. Follow the systematicness and integrity of the marine ecosystem, deeply integrate the marine ecological data of the Greater Bay Area with artificial intelligence, scientifically simulate and analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the marine ecology, and accurately predict and judge the early warning and forecast of marine ecological disasters and environmental pollution. By dynamically tracking the changes in the Greater Bay Area marine environment system composed of the four major subsystems of "watershed-coast-sea area-island", we will collect massive ecological and environmental data to provide multi-dimensional data analysis, early warning and forecasting for scientific decision-making. At the same time, we will continue to expand the scope of its coverage and service of marine areas, and increase the provision of early warning and forecasting products for marine environmental disasters such as waves and storm surges. Unify the standards and technical specifications of marine ecological monitoring indicators between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, establish a networked quality management technology system with international advanced level, and realize the unified networking and unified release of digital information of marine ecological network. Explore the establishment of a Greater Bay Area marine environment management information sharing platform and promote the integration of digital technology into the entire process of marine environmental governance. Give full play to the advantages of digital technology in breaking through regional barriers, coordinate the construction of a smart bay area that integrates land and sea, effectively integrates data technology, and fully covers marine ecological element indicators, and improve the level of cross-regional, cross-departmental, and cross-business collaborative management of the marine environment. Carry out source tracing of marine pollutants such as floating garbage and marine microplastics, pay attention to the relevance of data chains, establish notification of major marine pollution incidents in the Greater Bay Area and regional potential environmental risk assessment and early warning, and improve the initiative and response capabilities for major risk prevention of sudden marine environmental pollution incidents. Comprehensively use market incentives to innovate the joint prevention and control mechanism of the Greater Bay Area with unified goals, coordinated tasks, connected measures, and synchronized actions, and realize the coordinated control of multiple pollutants and regional coordinated governance.

Innovate the "digital + full-staff" participation feedback mechanism to build a large-scale supervision pattern of marine ecological governance in the Bay Area. Deepen the deep integration of institutional and mechanism innovation and digital reform, explore the establishment of an environmental resource sharing information center in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, safeguard the public's right to know and right to supervise, and promote public participation in the decision-making process. Understand the ecological and environmental demands of the people in the Bay Area, and guide them to solve outstanding environmental problems in their lives and meet the people's needs for a better environment, so that the public can enjoy a marine space with clear water, clean beaches, green shores and beautiful bays, and continuously meet the public's diverse needs for the construction of marine ecological civilization. Promote the integration of digital media and create a large pattern of marine ecological protection publicity and education work. Actively leverage the professional advantages of non-governmental organizations, make full use of digital media platforms, carry out multi-level marine protection publicity and education, marine garbage cleaning, marine ecological resource protection, and the construction of a Chinese civil marine protection network, and improve the public's ecological civilization literacy and marine awareness. Use online media to broaden the channels for public feedback, open up online and offline channels for public supervision of environmental governance, and fully mobilize the public's enthusiasm for participating in environmental governance. The public should play the role of supervisors in marine environmental management, and on the one hand, supervise the government's legal and administrative actions in the process of marine environmental management. (Liu Hanbin: School of Economics, Guangdong Ocean University)

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