Flame retardant materials include organic flame retardant materials and inorganic flame retardant materials, the current flame retardant materials are the materials that can achieve flame retardant effect after adding flame retardants. In general, there are various types of flame retardants, organic flame retardants and inorganic flame retardants, organic flame retardants have good flame retardant effect, and fewer additives. However, organic flame retardants have the disadvantages of large smoke volume and toxic gas release in combustion. Inorganic materials have the advantages of non-toxic, smokeless, non-volatile and cheap, but there are a lot of additives.

1, China's foreign development status

Flame retardant is a polymer synthetic material booster, the use of flame retardants can be flame retardant treatment of polymer materials, so as to avoid the burning of materials and prevent the spread of fire, To promote the synthetic material with smoke suppression, self-extinguishing and flame retardant.

2, commonly used flame retardant advantages and disadvantages analysis

In recent years, with the increase in the production of plastic products and the improvement of safety standards, flame retardant materials are more widely used, generally speaking, Flame retardant materials can be divided into organic flame retardant materials and inorganic flame retardant materials. Among them, organic flame retardant materials are mainly halogen additives, inorganic materials not only have a certain flame retardant effect, but also produce hydrogen chloride and prevent smoke. In addition, inorganic flame retardant materials are non-toxic, non-corrosive and cheap. The consumption of inorganic flame retardant materials in the United States, Japan and other countries is more than 60%, however, the consumption of inorganic flame retardant materials in China is less than 10%.

2.1 Halogenated flame retardants

Halogenated flame retardants not only have the largest output, but also the most widely used. The material added with the flame retardant can release hydrogen halide in the combustion process, and obtain free radicals, so as to prevent the transmission of the combustion chain, and then generate low activity of free radicals to slow down the combustion. Halogen flame retardants are generally used in thermoplastic materials and thermosetting materials, not only has good compatibility with polymer materials, but also easy to use, so it is welcomed by the market and widely used in automotive, packaging, textile and other industries.

2.2 phosphorous flame retardants

Inorganic phosphorous flame retardants mainly include phosphate, red phosphorus, etc., the more widely used is red phosphorus, red phosphorus is a better flame retardant, but in practical application, Red phosphorus flame retardant materials are easy to oxidize and release harmful and highly toxic gas, combustion dust is easy to cause explosion, there is a certain risk in resin mixing and molding processing, therefore, phosphorus flame retardant materials are subject to certain restrictions on use. Improved red phosphorus flame retardant is added to metal hydroxide, to a certain extent to solve the problem of polymer material toxicity.

2.3 Nitrogen-based flame retardants

Commonly used varieties of melamine, melamine cyanurate (MCA), etc., often need to add synergistic agents, nitrogen/phosphorus is the most commonly used synergistic flame retardant system, Mainly used in PA, PU, PO, PET, PS, PVC and other resins.

Melamine cyanurate is a nitrogen-free halogen-free environmentally friendly flame retardant, especially suitable for PA6 and PA66 without fillers, in powder and granular form. When burned with the flame-retardant polyamide foam of this product, the carbon foam layer formed protects the polymer and insulates against oxygen.

2.4 Metal oxide flame retardants

Metal oxide flame retardants are mainly inorganic elements with essential flame retardancy in the form of a single substance or compound added to the flame retarded substrate, in a physical dispersion state and polymer fully mixed, In the gas phase or condensed phase through chemical or physical changes to play a flame retardant role.

Aluminum hydroxide is the most inorganic hydroxide sales of flame retardants, mainly used for processing temperature below 200¡æ artificial rubber, thermosetting resin and thermoplastic plastics. The small smoke in the flame of aluminum hydroxide flame retardant plastics is a prominent advantage.

Magnesium hydroxide is a better thermal stability of inorganic flame retardant, more than 300¡æ is still stable, widely used in many artificial rubber, resin, including engineering plastics and other resins under high temperature processing. It plays the role of flame retardancy and smoke elimination in the polymerized object system. And ATH compound use, complement each other, its flame retardant effect is better than alone use.

3, the future development trend of flame retardants

In the past 10 years, the growth rate of flame retardants in China has remained at 15% ~ 20%, the current annual consumption is about 570,000 tons, and the consumption of flame retardants in China will increase to about 840,000 tons in 2019. Although the total consumption of flame retardants in China is higher than the world average level, but from the proportion point of view, the application of flame retardant materials in China is still far lower than the world average level, and the gap with developed countries in Europe and the United States is larger.

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