In July last year, Shanghai issued the "strictest ever" domestic waste management regulations, becoming the first city in China to implement waste sorting.

A year is about to pass. What kind of answer sheet has Shanghai's waste sorting handed in? The reporter of "Workers' Daily" learned in the interview that real changes are taking place: there are more trash cans in residents' homes, the garbage compartments have become cleaner, and the work of volunteers has gradually decreased. Waste sorting has changed from a new fashion to a good habit that is well-known and practiced by everyone.

According to the report of the Shanghai Greening and Urban Appearance Bureau, the garbage sorting compliance rate of more than 13,000 residential areas in Shanghai has increased from 15% at the end of 2018 to 90% at the end of 2019, and a garbage classification collection and transportation system has basically been formed. In May this year, the amount of wet garbage sorted out in the city reached the highest peak since the implementation of garbage sorting...

From "external discipline" to "self-discipline"

Shanghai's garbage sorting was not smoothly implemented from the beginning. The "one-size-fits-all" garbage classification regulations have gone from laissez-faire to strict management and strict inspection. Not only are there special people in the community to look after the garbage bins, but there is also a strict fine system, which caught most citizens who were not used to classification off guard.

Whether garbage classification can be successful is a test of the quality of citizens, and it is necessary to achieve a transition from "external discipline" to "self-discipline". "Leading everyone to do it" is better than "calling everyone to do it". Shanghai launched a garbage classification query applet at the first time, providing residents with a garbage classification guidance manual to help people understand and master the principles and techniques of classification.

At 8 am on June 15, at the No. 3 garbage classification disposal point in Minzhu Village, Xujing Town, volunteers were asking residents for information about the garbage. After registering the information, the residents consciously poured the peels and leaves in the bag into the wet garbage bin, shook the plastic bag vigorously, and threw the bag into the dry garbage bin next to it. Then the volunteers will make corresponding marks according to the purity of the residents' classification, and feedback the information into a rating table at the end of the month for public display. Through the joint efforts of residents and volunteers, the purity of garbage in Minzhu Village is now above 92%, and "sorting and throwing garbage" every day has become a habit for residents.

With the support of laws and regulations, the participation of all citizens, and the guidance of volunteers throughout the process, the social atmosphere of household waste classification in Shanghai is becoming increasingly strong.

One community, one plan

In accordance with the requirements of "fixed points must be adhered to, timing must be flexible, bin removal must be encouraged, and bag breaking must be guided", Shanghai insists on implementing a regular and fixed-point classification and delivery system according to local conditions, insists on refined management, and effectively implements "one community, one plan", which has won the understanding and support of citizens.

There are thousands of residents in Haiyue Garden Community, Wuliqiao Street. After the neighborhood committee announced the bin removal plan, some residents said that the "Regulations" did not have a mandatory bin removal clause, and the property fee included the garbage recycling fee for each floor corridor, so the bin should not be removed.

The general party branch and neighborhood committee of the residential area, together with the community property management committee and the property management company, conducted a survey in the community, solicited opinions from residents, and set up two plans: "centralized placement" and "self-deployment". Among them, the premise of "self-deployment" is that all residents on each floor sign a contract to ensure the effective classification of dry and wet garbage. If it fails to meet the standards for 5 consecutive days, the neighborhood committee has the right to remove the garbage cans on that floor and change to "centralized placement".

"After signing the contract, dry and wet garbage cans will be set up, the bucket leader will be responsible for implementing the responsibility, the community quality observer will supervise with the building, the garbage manager will collect in accordance with regulations, and the garbage will be announced every week." This is the autonomous convention after residents negotiated. After signing the contract, about 11 floors failed to meet the standards for garbage classification and placement, so the bins were removed as agreed.

In the end, about 35% of residents voluntarily "centralized placement", and more residents implemented "self-deployment". Two methods of placement in one community, democratic management has made residents feel at ease, and the classification of domestic garbage has also been implemented.

Intelligent supervision has achieved results

Intelligent garbage sorting equipment has also played a role in the process of garbage sorting.

On the electronic screen next to the garbage compartment of Xijiao Home, data such as the amount of kitchen waste, recyclable garbage, and hazardous waste put in today are displayed on the screen one by one, and the garbage sorting situation is analyzed in detail. For time periods with high garbage production, the community residents' committee will increase the input of personnel.

In the central square of the community, the Haole Community Service Kiosk is equipped with intelligent garbage recycling bins and convenient service facilities and equipment. After residents throw recyclable garbage such as cartons and plastic bottles into the intelligent garbage recycling bin, they will get certain points after automatic weighing and other procedures.

Some areas in Shanghai have realized the inclusion of household garbage sorting into the "one network unified management" system. Through "technology + management", they use intelligent means to explore the effectiveness of garbage sorting to achieve long-term normality and realize "one screen to view classification, one network to manage the whole process". Utilize technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things, integrate data from platforms such as urban law enforcement, market supervision, and grid management, as well as social information, establish a full-process classification and traceability information system, establish and improve a full-process supervision system for placement, collection, transportation, transfer, and disposal, and improve emergency dispatch and disposal capabilities.

Xu Zhiping, director of the Domestic Waste Management Division of the Shanghai Municipal Greening and Beautification Bureau, said that the general direction of Shanghai's garbage classification in 2020 is "technology + management", a management model that focuses on changing the human sea tactics. I believe this will definitely be the trend and direction for promoting the classification of domestic waste.

It is understood that this year Shanghai will continue to deepen the promotion of garbage classification, achieving more than 95% of residential villages and units meeting the garbage classification standards, and more than 85% of street and town classification effectiveness reaching the demonstration level. (Reporter Qian Peijian)

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