Statistical Communiqu¨¦ of the People¡¯s Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2015[1]

National Bureau of Statistics of the People¡¯s Republic of China

February 29, 2016

In 2015, faced with the complex international situation and the arduous and onerous tasks of China¡¯s reform, development and stability, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council united and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to implement the ¡°five-in-one¡± overall layout and the ¡°four-pronged comprehensive¡± strategic plan. The general requirements of the Bureau, firmly establish and implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, adapt to the new normal of economic development, adhere to reform and opening up, adhere to the general tone of work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to stabilizing growth, adjusting structure, benefiting people's livelihood and preventing risks, constantly innovate the ideas and methods of macro-control, deepen structural reform, and solidly promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, strive to promote the economy to maintain medium-to-high-speed growth and move towards medium-to-high-end levels, accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading, deepen reform and opening up, continuously improve people's livelihood, and move economic and social development to a new level, achieving a successful conclusion of the "12th Five-Year Plan" and laying a solid foundation for the "13th Five-Year Plan" economic and social development and winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

I. Comprehensive

According to preliminary calculations, China's GDP[2] for the whole year was 67670.8 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 6086.3 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%; the added value of the secondary industry was 27427.8 billion yuan, an increase of 6.0%; and the added value of the tertiary industry was 34156.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3%. The added value of the primary industry accounted for 9.0% of China's GDP, the added value of the secondary industry accounted for 40.5%, and the added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 50.5%, breaking through 50% for the first time. China's per capita GDP for the whole year was 49,351 yuan, up 6.3% from the previous year. The total national income for the whole year[3] was 67,302.1 billion yuan.

At the end of the year, the total population of mainland China was 137,462 million, an increase of 6.8 million from the end of the previous year, of which the permanent urban population was 77,116 million, accounting for 56.10% of the total population (urbanization rate of permanent population), an increase of 1.33 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The number of births in the whole year was 16.55 million, with a birth rate of 12.07%; the number of deaths was 9.75 million, with a death rate of 7.11%; and the natural growth rate was 4.96%. The number of people living in a different household[4] in China was 294 million, of which the floating population[5] was 247 million. The average life expectancy is 76.34 years.

Table12015Year-end Population and Its Composition

IndicatorYear-end Number (10,000 people)Proportion (%)

China's total population 137462100.0

Of which: Urban 7711656.10

Rural 6034643.90

Among them: Male 7041451.2

Female 6704848.8

Among them: 0-15 years old (including under 16 years old)[6]2416617.6

16-59 years old (including under 60 years old)9109666.3

60 years old and above 2220016.1

Among them: 65 years old and above 1438610.5

At the end of the year, there were 774.51 million employed people in China, of which 404.10 million were employed in urban areas. The number of new urban jobs was 13.12 million. The registered urban unemployment rate was 4.05% at the end of the year. The total number of migrant workers[7] in China was 277.47 million, an increase of 1.3% over the previous year. Among them, 168.84 million were migrant workers, an increase of 0.4%; and 108.63 million were local migrant workers, an increase of 2.7%.

The annual labor productivity[8] was 76,978 yuan per person, up 6.6% over the previous year.

The annual consumer price index rose 1.4% over the previous year, of which food prices rose 2.3%. Fixed asset investment prices fell 1.8%. Industrial producer prices fell 5.2%. Industrial producer purchase prices fell 6.1%. Agricultural product producer prices[9] rose 1.7%.

Table 2Rise and fall of consumer prices in 2015 compared with the previous year

Unit: %

Indicators National

Urban and rural

Consumer prices 1.4 1.5 1.3

Of which: Food 2.3 2.3 2.4

Tobacco, alcohol and supplies 2.1 2.0 2. 3

Clothing 2.7 2.8 2.3

Household equipment and maintenance services 1.0 1.0 0.9

Health care and personal products 2.0 1.9 2.3

Transportation and communications -1.7 -1.6 -1.9

Entertainment, education and cultural products and services 1.4 1.4 1.4

Housing[10] 0.7 1.0 -0.3

At the end of the year, the number of cities with a month-on-month increase in the sales price of newly built commercial housing in the 70 large and medium-sized cities was 21, an increase of 20 from the beginning of the year; the number of cities with a month-on-month decrease was 49, a decrease of 20.

China's general public budget revenue for the whole year was 15,221.7 billion yuan, an increase of 832.4 billion yuan or 5.8% over the same period last year[11]. Among them, tax revenue was 12,489.2 billion yuan, an increase of 571.7 billion yuan or 4.8%.

Note: The data from 2011 to 2014 in the figure are the final accounts of China's general public budget revenue, and the data in 2015 are the actual accounts.

At the end of the year, the country's foreign exchange reserves were 3330.4 billion US dollars, a decrease of 512.7 billion US dollars from the end of the previous year. The average exchange rate of RMB for the whole year was 1 US dollar to 6.2284 RMB, a depreciation of 1.4% from the previous year.

II. Agriculture

The annual grain planting area was 113.34 million hectares, an increase of 620,000 hectares over the previous year. The cotton planting area was 3.80 million hectares, a decrease of 420,000 hectares. The oilseed planting area was 14.06 million hectares, an increase of 10,000 hectares. The sugar planting area was 1.74 million hectares, a decrease of 160,000 hectares.

The annual grain output was 621.44 million tons, an increase of 14.41 million tons over the previous year, an increase of 2.4%. Among them, summer grain output was 141.12 million tons, an increase of 3.3%; early rice output was 33.69 million tons, a decrease of 0.9%; autumn grain output was 446.62 million tons, an increase of 2.3%. The annual grain output was 572.25 million tons, an increase of 2.7% over the previous year. Among them, rice output was 208.25 million tons, an increase of 0.8%; wheat output was 130.19 million tons, an increase of 3.2%; corn output was 224.58 million tons, an increase of 4.1%.

The annual cotton output was 5.61 million tons, a decrease of 9.3% over the previous year. Oil output was 35.47 million tons, an increase of 1.1%. Sugar output was 125.29 million tons, a decrease of 6.2%. Tea output was 2.24 million tons, an increase of 6.9%.

The total meat output was 86.25 million tons, a decrease of 1.0% over the previous year. Among them, pork production was 54.87 million tons, down 3.3%; beef production was 7 million tons, up 1.6%; mutton production was 4.41 million tons, up 2.9%; poultry production was 18.26 million tons, up 4.3%. Poultry egg production was 29.99 million tons, up 3.6%. Milk production was 37.55 million tons, up 0.8%. At the end of the year, the number of live pigs on hand was 451.13 million, down 3.2%; the number of live pigs slaughtered was 708.25 million, down 3.7%.

The annual output of aquatic products was 66.90 million tons, up 3.5% over the previous year. Among them, the output of farmed aquatic products was 49.42 million tons, up 4.1%; the output of captured aquatic products was 17.48 million tons, up 0.5%.

The annual output of timber was 68.32 million cubic meters, down 17.0% over the previous year.

The newly added irrigated area of cultivated land was 1.58 million hectares, and the newly added water-saving irrigation area was 2.54 million hectares.

III. Industry and Construction

The total industrial added value for the whole year was 22,897.4 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9% over the previous year. The added value of industries above designated size increased by 6.1%. Among industries above designated size, by economic type, state-controlled enterprises increased by 1.4%; collective enterprises increased by 1.2%; joint-stock enterprises increased by 7.3%; foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 3.7%; and private enterprises increased by 8.6%. By category, mining increased by 2.7%, manufacturing increased by 7.0%, and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries increased by 1.4%.

In the whole year, among the industries above designated size, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 5.5% over the previous year, textile industry increased by 7.0%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 9.5%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 6.5%, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 5.4%, general equipment manufacturing industry increased by 2.9%, special equipment manufacturing industry increased by 3.4%, automobile manufacturing industry increased by 6.7%, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 7.3%, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.5%, and electricity, heat production and supply industry increased by 0.5%. The added value of the six high energy-consuming industries[12] increased by 6.3% over the previous year, accounting for 27.8% of the added value of industries above designated size. The added value of high-tech manufacturing[13] increased by 10.2%, accounting for 11.8% of the added value of industries above designated size. The added value of equipment manufacturing[14] increased by 6.8%, accounting for 31.8% of the added value of industries above designated size.

Table3Output of major industrial products and their growth rates in 2015

Product nameUnit output growth over the previous year (%)

Yarn 10,000 tons3538.04.7

Cloth 100 million meters892.6-0.1

Chemical fiber 10,000 tons4831.710.1

Finished sugar 10,000 tons1474.1-10.3

Cigarettes 100 million25890.7-0.8

Color TV sets 10,000 units14475.72.5

Of which: LCD TV sets 10,000 units14391.93.8

Of which: 10,000 smart TVs 8383.514.9

10,000 household refrigerators 7992.8-9.1

10,000 room air conditioners 14200.4-1.8

Total primary energy production 100 million tons of standard coal 36.20.0

100 million tons of raw coal 37.5-3.3

10,000 tons of crude oil 21455.61.5

100 million cubic meters of natural gas[15] 1346.13.4

100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity 58105.80.3

Of which: 100 million kilowatt-hours of thermal power 42420.4-2.7

100 million kilowatt-hours of hydropower 11264.25.0

100 million kilowatt-hours of nuclear power 1707.928.9

10,000 tons of crude steel 80382.5-2. 2

Steel[16] 10,000 tons 112349.6-0.1

Ten kinds of nonferrous metals 10,000 tons 5155.868

Of which: Refined copper (electrolytic copper) 10,000 tons 796.242

Primary aluminum (electrolytic aluminum) 10,000 tons 3141.088

Cement 100 million tons 236,000-53,000

Sulfuric acid (100% conversion) 10,000 tons 8975 .70.8

Caustic soda (100% discount) 10,000 tons 3020.7-1.4

Ethylene 10,000 tons 1714.61.1

Fertilizer (100% discount) 10,000 tons 7432.08.1

Generator (power generation equipment) 10,000 kilowatts 12431.4-17.4

Automobiles 10,000 units 2450.43.3

Of which: Basic passenger cars Cars (sedans) 10,000 1163.0-68

Sports utility vehicles (SUVs) 10,000 602.448.0

Of which: new energy vehicles 10,000 328.161.2

Large and medium-sized tractors 10,000 688.69

Integrated circuits 100 million 1087.27.1

Program-controlled switches 10,000 lines 1880.3-125

Mobile communication handsets 10,000 181261.47.8

Of which: smart phones 10,000 139943.111.3

Microcomputers 10,000 31418.7-10.4

Industrial robots 32996.021.7

At the end of the year, China's installed power generation capacity was 1,508.28 million kilowatts, up 10.5% from the end of the previous year. Among them,[17] thermal power installed capacity was 990.21 million kilowatts, up 7.8%; hydropower installed capacity was 319.37 million kilowatts, up 4.9%; nuclear power installed capacity was 26.08 million kilowatts, up 29.9%; grid-connected wind power installed capacity was 129.34 million kilowatts, up 33.5%; grid-connected solar power installed capacity was 43.18 million kilowatts, up 73.7%.

Industrial enterprises above designated size realized profits of 635.54 billion yuan in the whole year, down 2.3% from the previous year. In terms of economic types, state-controlled enterprises realized profits of 109.44 billion yuan, down 21.9% from the previous year; collective enterprises realized profits of 50.8 billion yuan, down 2.7%; joint-stock enterprises realized profits of 429.81 billion yuan, down 1.7%; foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan realized profits of 157.26 billion yuan, down 1.5%; and private enterprises realized profits of 232.22 billion yuan, up 3.7%. By category, the mining industry realized a profit of 260.4 billion yuan, down 58.2% from the previous year; the manufacturing industry realized a profit of 5560.9 billion yuan, up 2.8%; the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry realized a profit of 534.1 billion yuan, up 13.5%.

The added value of the construction industry in the whole society was 4645.6 billion yuan, up 6.8% from the previous year. China's qualified general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises realized a profit of 650.8 billion yuan, up 1.6%, of which state-owned holding enterprises realized a profit of 167.6 billion yuan, up 6.0%.

IV. Fixed asset investment

The fixed asset investment in the whole society was 56200 billion yuan in the whole year, up 9.8% from the previous year. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 11.8%. Among them, the fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) was 55159 billion yuan, up 10.0%. By region[18], investment in the eastern region was 232,107 billion yuan, up 12.4% over the previous year; investment in the central region was 143,118 billion yuan, up 15.2%; investment in the western region was 140,416 billion yuan, up 8.7%; investment in the northeast region was 40,806 billion yuan, down 11.1%.

In fixed asset investment (excluding farmers), investment in the primary industry was 15,561 billion yuan, up 31.8% over the previous year; investment in the secondary industry was 224,090 billion yuan, up 8.0%; investment in the tertiary industry was 311,939 billion yuan, up 10.6%. Infrastructure investment[19] was 101,271 billion yuan, up 17.2%, accounting for 18.4% of fixed asset investment (excluding farmers). Private fixed asset investment[20] was 354,007 billion yuan, up 10.1%, accounting for 64.2% of fixed asset investment (excluding farmers). Investment in high-tech industries[21] was RMB 3,259.8 billion, up 17.0%, accounting for 5.9% of fixed asset investment (excluding farmers).

Table 4Fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) by industry in 2015 and its growth rate

Investment amount by industry (RMB 100 million) Year-on-year growth (%)

Total 55159010.0

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery 1906130.8

Mining 12971-8.8

Manufacturing 1803658.1

Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply 266 2116.6

Construction 489510.2

Wholesale and retail 1868220.1

Transportation, warehousing and postal services 4897214.3

Accommodation and catering 65045.1

Information transmission, software and information technology services 551734.5

Financial services 13670.3

Real estate[22]1266742.5

Leasing and business services 943618.6

Scientific research and technical services 475212.6

Water conservancy, environment and public facilities management 5567320.4

Residential services 262815.5

Education 772315.2

Health and social work 517529.7

Culture, sports and entertainment 67248.9

Public administration, social security and social organizations 78519.1

Table 52015Additional major production and operation capabilities of fixed asset investment

Indicator unit absolute number

Additional 220,000 volt and above substation equipment 10,000 kilovolt-amperes 21,785

Newly built railway mileage, kilometers, 9,531

of which: high-speed railway [23] kilometers 3,306

Newly built railway double-track mileage, kilometers, 7,647

Electrified railway mileage, kilometers, 8,694

Newly built highway mileage, kilometers, 71,401

of which: expressway kilometers 11,265

Port berths with 10,000-ton berths, new throughput capacity, 10,000 tons 38,487

New civil transport airports 8

Newly added optical cable line length, 10,000 kilometers 441

Annual real estate development investment was RMB 9,597.9 billion, up 1.0% year-on-year. Among them, residential investment was 6459.5 billion yuan, up 0.4%; office building investment was 621.0 billion yuan, up 10.1%; commercial business premises investment was 1460.7 billion yuan, up 1.8%.

In the whole year, 7.72 million units of affordable housing were basically completed in urban areas of China, and 7.83 million units were newly started, of which 6.01 million units were started for shantytown reconstruction.

Table6Main Indicators and Growth Rates of Real Estate Development and Sales in 2015

Indicator Unit Absolute Number Growth over Previous Year (%)

Investment RMB 100 million 959791.0

Of which: Residential RMB 100 million 645950.4

Of which: 90 square meters and below RMB 100 million 2464621.2

Building construction area 10,000 square meters 7356931.3

Of which: Residential 10,000 square meters 511570-0.7

Building new construction area 10,000 square meters 154454-14.0

Among which: residential area of 106651-14.6

Housing completion area of 100039-6.9

Among which: residential area of 73777-8.8

Commercial housing sales area of 1284956.5

Among which: residential area of 1124066.9

Funds in place this year amounted to 1252032.6 billion

Among which: China loans amounted to 214-4.8 billion

Among which: personal mortgage loans amounted to 1666221.9 billion

V. China Trade

The total retail sales of consumer goods amounted to 300931 billion yuan, up 10.7% year-on-year. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 10.6%. According to the statistics of business location, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 25899.9 billion yuan, an increase of 10.5%; the retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas reached 4193.2 billion yuan, an increase of 11.8%. According to the statistics of consumption type, the retail sales of goods reached 26862.1 billion yuan, an increase of 10.6%; the catering revenue reached 3231.0 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7%.

Note: The data from 2011 to 2014 in the figure have been revised according to the results of the third economic census.

Among the retail sales of goods of enterprises above designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil, food, beverages, tobacco and alcohol increased by 14.6% over the previous year; the retail sales of clothing, shoes, hats, textiles increased by 9.8%; the retail sales of cosmetics increased by 8.8%; the retail sales of gold, silver and jewelry increased by 7.3%; the retail sales of daily necessities increased by 12.3%; the retail sales of household appliances and audio-visual equipment increased by 11.4%; the retail sales of Chinese and Western medicines increased by 14.2%; the retail sales of cultural and office supplies increased by 15.2%; the retail sales of furniture increased by 16.1%; the retail sales of communication equipment increased by 29.3%; the retail sales of building and decoration materials increased by 18.7%; the retail sales of automobiles increased by 5.3%; and the retail sales of petroleum and petroleum products decreased by 6.6%.

The annual online retail sales[24] amounted to 387.73 billion yuan, an increase of 33.3% over the previous year, of which the retail sales of online goods amounted to 324.24 billion yuan, an increase of 31.6%. Among the online retail sales of goods, the retail sales of food increased by 40.8%, the retail sales of clothing increased by 21.4% and the retail sales of daily necessities increased by 36%.

VI. Foreign Economy[25]

The total import and export volume of goods for the whole year was 24574.1 billion yuan, down 7.0% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 14125.5 billion yuan, down 1.8%; imports were 10448.5 billion yuan, down 13.2%. The balance of imports and exports (exports minus imports) was 3677.0 billion yuan, up 1324.4 billion yuan over the previous year.

Table72015Total Import and Export Volume and Its Growth Rate

Indicator Amount (100 million yuan) Year-on-year Growth (%)

Total Import and Export Volume 245741-7.0

Export Volume 141255-1.8

Of Which: General Trade 754562.1

Processing Trade 49553-8.8

Of Which: Mechanical and Electrical Products 81 4211.1

High-tech products407370.4

Goods imports104485-13.2

Of which: general trade57323-15.9

Processing trade27772-13.7

Of which: mechanical and electrical products50111-4.5

High-tech products340730.6

Goods import and export balance (export minus import)36770-

Table 82015 /strong>Annual export quantity, value and growth rate of major commodities

Commodity nameUnit QuantityYear-on-year growth

(%)

Amount

(100 million yuan)

Year-on-year growth

(%)

Coal (including lignite) 10,000 tons533-7.131-27.7

Steel 10,000 tons1124019.93890-10.6

Textile yarn, fabric and products---6796-1.3

Clothing and clothing accessories---10819-5.5

Footwear 10,000 tons 447-8.43319-3.9

Furniture and parts thereof --- 32772.6

Automatic data processing equipment and parts thereof 10,000 units 171508-10.69461-15.2

Handheld or vehicle-mounted wireless telephones 10,000 units 1343422.477118.8

Containers 10,000 units 272-10.1475-14.2

LCD panels 10,000 units 229344-6.41923-1.5

Automobiles 10,000 units 72-19.4696-9.5

Watches 9 g>Import quantity, value and growth rate of major commodities in 2015

Commodity name Quantity

(10,000 tons)

Increase over the previous year (%) Value

(100 million yuan)

Increase over the previous year (%)

Cereals and cereal flour 327067.658252.4

Soybeans 816914.42157-12.8

Edible vegetable oil 6764.1311-14.5

Iron ore and concentrates 952 722.23574-37.7

Alumina465-11.8101-14.2

Coal (including lignite)20406-29.9749-45.2

Crude oil335508.88333-40.5

Refined oil2990-0.3886-38.5

Plastics in primary form26102.92793-11.8

Pulp198410.47926.9

Steel1278-11.4889-19.2

Unwrought copper and copper products481-0.31804-17.4

Table102015Import and export volume of goods to major countries and regions and their growth rate

Country and region export volume

(100 million yuan)

Year-on-year growth

(%)

Import volume

(100 million yuan)

Year-on-year growth

(%)

EU22096-3.012985-13.6

USA 254254.59238-5.4

ASEAN 172213.112097-5.4

Hong Kong, China 20589-7.77972.8

Japan 8424-8.38881-11.4

South Korea 62912.110847-7.1

Taiwan, China 2785-2.08904-4.6

India 36128.5831-17.2

Russia 2161-34.52066-19.1

The total value of service imports and exports[26] in 2017 was US$713 billion, up 14.6% over the previous year. Among them, service exports were US$288.2 billion, up 9.2%; service imports were US$424.8 billion, up 18.6%. The trade deficit in services was US$136.6 billion.

In 2017, 26,575 new enterprises were established with foreign direct investment (excluding banks, securities and insurance), an increase of 11.8% over the previous year. The actual amount of foreign direct investment used was 781.4 billion yuan (equivalent to 126.3 billion US dollars), an increase of 6.4%. Among them, 2,164 new enterprises were established with foreign direct investment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative[27], an increase of 18.3%; the actual amount of foreign direct investment used was 52.6 billion yuan (equivalent to 8.5 billion US dollars), an increase of 25.3%.

Table 11Foreign direct investment (excluding banks, securities and insurance) in 2015 and its growth rate

Number of enterprises in an industry

(%)

Actual amount used

(100 million yuan)

Increase over the previous year

(%)

Total 2657511.87813.56.4

Of which: Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery 609-15.394.81.3

Manufacturing 4507-13.0245 2.30.0

Electricity, gas and water production and supply industry 26426.9139.43.1

Transportation, warehousing and postal industry 44919.4259.7-5.0

Information transmission, computer services and software industry 131133.6237.140.1

Wholesale and retail industry 915614.8744.028.0

Real estate industry 387-13.21789.8-15.9

Leasing and business services industry 446512.7623.3-18.8

Resident services and other services industry 21719.944.40.8

The total amount of outward direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance) in the whole year was 735.1 billion yuan, equivalent to 118 billion US dollars in US dollars, an increase of 14.7% over the previous year. Among them, China's outward direct investment in countries along the Belt and Road reached US$14.8 billion, an increase of 18.2%.

Table 122015Outward direct investment (excluding banks, securities, insurance) and its growth rate

Industry outward direct investment amount

(US$ billion)

Year-on-year growth

(%)

Total 1180.214.7

Among them: Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery 20.517.8

Mining 108.5-43.9

p>

Manufacturing 143.3105.9

Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply 27.951.6

Construction 45.0-35.9

Wholesale and retail 160.2-7.2

Transportation, warehousing and postal services 30.95.5

Information transmission, software and information technology services 57.8240.0

Real estate 90.6193.2

Leasing and business services 416.711.9

The annual turnover of overseas contracting projects was 959.6 billion yuan, or 154.1 billion US dollars, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year. 530,000 laborers of various types were sent out for overseas labor cooperation, a decrease of 5.7%.

VII. Transportation[28], Post and Telecommunications and Tourism

The total volume of freight transported in 2017 was 41.7 billion tons, up 0.2% year-on-year. The freight transport turnover was 17,740.1 billion ton-kilometers, down 1.9%. The cargo throughput of ports above designated size was 11.43 billion tons, up 1.6% year-on-year, of which the foreign trade cargo throughput was 3.59 billion tons, up 1.1%. The container throughput of ports above designated size was 209.59 million TEUs, up 4.1%.

Table 13Cargo transportation volume and growth rate of various modes of transport in 2015

Indicator unit Absolute number Growth over the previous year (%)

Total cargo transportation billion tons 417.10.2

Railway billion tons 33.6-11.9

Highway billion tons 315.01.2

Water transport billion tons 61. 42.5

10,000 tons of civil aviation 625.35.2

100 million tons of pipeline 711.7

100 million tons of freight transport turnover 177400.7-19

100 million tons of railway 23754.3-13.7

100 million tons of highway 57955.72.0

100 million tons of water transport 91344.6-12

100 million tons of civil aviation 207.310.4

100 million tons of pipeline 4138.86.6

The total passenger transport volume for the whole year was 19.4 billion, down 4.4% from the previous year. The passenger transport turnover was 3004.7 billion person-kilometers, up 4.9%.

Table 14Passenger transport volume and its growth rate by various modes of transport in 2015

Indicator unit Absolute number Growth over the previous year (%)

Total passenger transport billion person-times 194.3-4.4

Railway billion person-times 25.310.0

Highway billion person-times 161.9-6.7

Water transport billion person-times 272 .8

Civil aviation 100 million passengers 4.411.1

Passenger transport turnover 100 million passenger-kilometers 30047.04.9

Railway 100 million passenger-kilometers 11960.66.4

Highway 10742.7-2.3

Water transport 100 million passenger-kilometers 73.1-1.7

Civil aviation 100 million passenger-kilometers 7270.714.8

At the end of the year, the number of civilian vehicles in China reached 172.28 million (including 9.55 million three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 11.5% over the end of the previous year, of which private cars reached 143.99 million, an increase of 14.4%. The number of civilian cars reached 95.08 million, an increase of 14.6%, of which private cars reached 87.93 million, an increase of 15.8%.

The total volume of postal and telecommunications business[29] for the whole year was 2822.0 billion yuan, up 29.2% over the previous year. Among them, the total volume of postal business was 507.9 billion yuan, up 37.4%; the total volume of telecommunications business was 2314.2 billion yuan, up 27.5%. The postal industry completed 4.58 billion pieces of postal mail business, 0.4 billion pieces of parcel business, and 20.67 billion pieces of express delivery business throughout the year; the express delivery business revenue was 277 billion yuan. The telecommunications industry added 65.29 million mobile phone switch capacity[30] throughout the year, reaching 2110.66 million. At the end of the year, the total number of telephone users in China reached 1536.73 million, of which 1305.74 million were mobile phone users. The penetration rate of mobile phones rose to 95.5 per 100 people. The number of fixed Internet broadband access users[31] was 213.37 million, an increase of 12.89 million over the previous year; the number of mobile broadband users[32] was 785.33 million, an increase of 202.79 million. Mobile Internet access traffic was 4.19 billion GB, up 103% year-on-year. The number of Internet users reached 688 million, an increase of 39.51 million,

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