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With China Plastic Machinery
With China Plastic Machinery
PET engineering plastics, referred to as PET or PETP. Its molecular structure is highly symmetrical and has a certain crystal orientation ability, so it has high film-forming properties. PET plastics have good optical properties and weather resistance, and amorphous PET plastics have good optical transparency. In addition, PET plastics have excellent wear resistance, dimensional stability and electrical insulation.
PET plastics are the abbreviation of Polyethylene terephthalate in English, referred to as PET or PETP. The Chinese meaning is: Polyethylene terephthalate plastics, mainly including polyethylene terephthalate PET and polybutylene terephthalate PBT. Polyethylene terephthalate is also commonly known as polyester resin, commonly known as polyester resin. It is a condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, and together with PBT, it is collectively referred to as thermoplastic polyester, or saturated polyester.
The molecular structure of PET plastics is highly symmetrical and has a certain crystal orientation ability, so it has high film-forming properties and weather resistance. PET plastic has good optical properties and weather resistance, and amorphous PET plastic has good optical transparency. In addition, PET plastic has excellent wear and friction resistance, dimensional stability and electrical insulation. Bottles made of PET are widely used because of their high strength, good transparency, non-toxicity, impermeability, light weight and high production efficiency. PBT has a similar molecular chain structure to PET, and most of its properties are the same, except that the main chain of the molecule has changed from two methylene groups to four, so the molecule is more flexible and has better processing performance.
PET is a highly crystalline polymer with a milky white or light yellow color and a smooth and shiny surface. It has good creep resistance, fatigue resistance, and friction resistance, low wear and high hardness, and has the greatest toughness among PA66 thermoplastics; it has good electrical insulation properties and is less affected by temperature, but has poor corona resistance. It is non-toxic, weather-resistant, and has good chemical resistance stability, low water absorption, and is resistant to weak acids and organic solvents, but not resistant to hot water immersion and alkali.
PET resin has a high glass transition temperature, slow crystallization speed, long molding cycle, long molding cycle, large molding shrinkage, poor dimensional stability, brittle crystallized molding, and low heat resistance.
Through the improvement of nucleating agent, crystallizing agent and glass fiber reinforcement, PET has the following characteristics in addition to the properties of PBT:
1. The heat deformation temperature and long-term use temperature are the highest among thermoplastic general engineering plastics;
2. Due to its high heat resistance, the reinforced PET is immersed in a 250¡æ solder bath for 10s with almost no deformation or discoloration, which is particularly suitable for the preparation of soldered electronic and electrical parts;
3. The bending strength is 200MPa, the elastic modulus is 4000MPa, the creep and fatigue resistance are also very good, the surface hardness is high, and the mechanical properties are similar to those of thermosetting plastics;
4. Since the price of ethylene glycol used in the production of PET is almost half that of butanediol used in the production of PBT, PET resin and reinforced PET are the lowest in price among engineering plastics and have a high cost performance.
In 1946, the UK published the first patent for the preparation of PET, and in 1953, a production device was established, which was the first industrialized production in the world. In the early days, PET was almost always used for synthetic fibers, commonly known as polyester and Dacron in China. Since the 1980s, PET has made breakthrough progress as an engineering plastic, and nucleating agents and crystallization accelerators have been developed successively. PET and PBT, as thermoplastic polyesters, have become one of the five major engineering plastics.
China's PET production scale lags far behind several major foreign manufacturers. In the 1980s, China gradually introduced advanced PET resin synthesis equipment of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of tons from abroad, and both quality and output have made great progress. According to statistics from the China Textile Society, China produced 1.74 million tons of PET chip resin in 1997, of which the production capacity of high-viscosity packaging chip resin was 224,000 tons, so there is sufficient source of resin for the production of PET engineering plastics. Since the equipment for preparing various mixed and modified PET plastics is common with the equipment for mixing and modifying other polymers, and the manufacturing of compounding extruders in China has also formed a certain scale, once the market is developed, the production of PET plastics in China will also grow rapidly.
Glass fiber reinforced PET is suitable for the electrical and electronic and automotive industries, and is used for various coil skeletons, transformers, televisions, tape recorder parts and shells, automotive lamp holders, lampshades, incandescent lamp holders, relays, selenium rectifiers, etc. The current consumption ratio of PET engineering plastics in several application fields is: electrical and electronic 26%, automotive 22%, machinery 19%, appliances 10%, consumer goods 10%, and others 13%. At present, the total consumption of PET engineering plastics is not large, accounting for only 1.6% of the total PET.
1. Film and sheet materials: packaging materials for all kinds of food, medicine, non-toxic and sterile; high-end packaging materials for textiles, precision instruments, and electrical components; substrates for audio tapes, video tapes, film films, computer floppy disks, metal-plated films, and photosensitive films; electronic and mechanical fields such as electrical insulation materials, capacitor films, flexible printed circuit boards, and membrane switches.
2. Application of packaging bottles: Its application has developed from the initial carbonated beverages to beer bottles, edible oil bottles, condiment bottles, medicine bottles, and cosmetic bottles.
3. Electronic appliances: manufacturing connectors, coil bobbins, integrated circuit shells, capacitor shells, transformer shells, TV accessories, tuners, switches, timer shells, automatic fuses, motor brackets, and relays.
4. Auto parts: such as switchboard covers, ignition coils, various valves, exhaust parts, distributor covers, metering instrument covers, small motor covers, etc., can also use PET's excellent coating properties, surface gloss and rigidity to manufacture automotive exterior parts.
5. Mechanical equipment: manufacturing gears, cams, pump housings, pulleys, motor frames and clock parts. It can also be used as microwave oven baking trays, various ceilings, outdoor billboards and models, etc. .
6. The molding and processing of PET plastics can be injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, coating, bonding, machining, electroplating, vacuum metallization, and printing.
1. Smell the smell first. The smell of PET is different from that of ordinary plastics. Burn it with a lighter, and then you will smell a very fragrant and comfortable smell (burn a bottle at random). If PET contains other ingredients, the smell is very pungent. There is a kind of bottle that contains SEBS ingredients and cannot be used.
2. Look at the burned part. If it is too black or the oil drips very quickly, most of the melting points are abnormal, which is common in PET film sheets.
3. Wire drawing. When it is burning, draw the wire on the lighter to see if it is long. Then break the wire and see the breakpoint in the middle. Is the wire rolled into a small circle? The more it rolls, the higher the melting point.
However, if it is a bottle flake, there should be no big problem. The most critical point is to distinguish whether it contains PVC, which is the fatal flaw of PET. First, take more samples and then lay them flat in a sunny place. PVC is light blue in the sun. If it is folded in half, there will be white creases. The above is the naked eye identification, the accuracy is limited, mainly depends on experience.
There is also a more practical and better way. Buy an oven and set the temperature to 250 degrees and bake it there for half an hour. If the goods contain PVC, there will be a lot of yellow spots on the surface; if the melting point is not enough, it will melt quickly.
In fact, there are many varieties of PET, such as PET crushed film, pulp block material, and roll film less than 30 cm long from foreign factories. These have different customer groups.
The identification of these goods strongly requires the use of an oven for inspection. In particular, PET rolls are a very scarce source of goods in the entire market. Generally, the length is more than 80 to 120 cm, and the price of films with a thickness of 3-5 filaments is very high (white and transparent).
There is a triangle with an arrow at the bottom of the plastic bottle, and there is a number inside the triangle. The numbers in the triangles at the bottom of the following plastic bottles refer to the ingredients contained in the bottle and the effects of the ingredients on human health.
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
Common in mineral water bottles, carbonated beverage bottles, etc. It is easy to deform when the temperature reaches 70¡ãC, and substances harmful to the human body melt. After 10 months of use, No. 1 plastic products may release the carcinogen DEHP. This type of bottle cannot be placed in the sun in the car, and cannot be filled with wine, oil and other substances.
The recycling of German PET waste bottles into "Chinese sweaters" is also worth pondering. More than 8 million PET bottles are circulated in the German market every year. The garbage recycling collects these bottles, compresses them into balls or crushes them into pieces, and then sells them to China at a relatively high price. According to relevant people's calculations, a bottle that can hold 16 liters of beverages can be made into a sweater. Looking back before 1993, all plastic bottles went into the trash, and a small part was recycled. Since the implementation of the can deposit fee four years ago, supermarkets must recycle empty bottles. PET bottles have embarked on a journey of thousands of miles: going to China, turning them into synthetic tweed sweaters, and then returning to Germany, returning in glory. China's textile industry has a huge demand for plastics. Although merchants will add another code to the price of German recycling companies, importing is still cheaper than producing this raw material themselves. The freight rate from Hamburg to Hong Kong is very low because there are many empty spaces on the ship after the cargo ship brings in and unloads the textiles from China. The cost of production in China is very low because labor is cheap and environmental and social standards are not perfect. In Chinese factories, the PET raw materials are sorted by color, cut into pieces and melted. After processing, the PET bottles are returned to Germany in the form of textiles and sold there. The value creation here is enormous: a synthetic tweed sweater costs between 50 and 100 euros, and the material used is equivalent to only 32 euro cents. There is no end in sight for the Far East's hunger for used plastic. China can no longer meet its needs with first-hand raw materials. Against this background, the value of second-hand raw materials such as PET has doubled. The fact that empty plastic bottles are shipped to China and used as raw materials locally shows that there is in fact a world market for second-hand raw materials. Ten years ago, garbage was thrown into the landfill. "At that time, we were a society of consumption and discard." The example of China processing and reselling in Germany illustrates the problem. "This market development shows all consumers that some garbage is indeed recycled and reused." In addition, in the past two years, Intercontinental Recycling in India has produced qualified recycled PET. It is reported that the Indian state-owned Intercontinental Recycling-owned Intercontinental Recycling's device in Skelmersdale, northern England, began trial operation in November 2007. According to the plan, the device can recycle and transform 30,000 tons of waste plastic bottles every year. In addition, the device has some sorting, washing and drying equipment, and the products produced will be hot can bottle flakes for non-edible products. Consumers can use this material to package non-edible products or as a middle to separate two layers of edible substances. At present, the market price of recycled PET bottle flakes for non-edible products in the UK is about 600 pounds per ton.
In addition, Japanese companies have successfully developed recycled PET modifiers. Looking back at Japan's full implementation of the container recycling law in April 2000, the amount of recycled PET bottles reached 390,000 tons in 2006, with a recycling rate of only 60%. In order to solve the technical difficulties of PET recycling and reuse. Japan's Ryokouxi Chemical successfully developed two brands of recycled PET modifiers "AR-P-1000" and "AR-P-1100" and launched them on the market. The main features of AR-P recycled modifier are: ¢Ù No drying treatment is required during use. ¢Ú Very stable at room temperature. ¢Û Suitable for all plastic molding equipment. ¢Ü Can be colored arbitrarily. ¢Ý Can be directly blended and added. ¢Þ Improved the impact strength of PET recycled molding materials. Because AR-P is dispersed in the recycled PET molding material in a fine state, the interfacial tension is small under the shear force of the molding process. The viscosity ratio of AR-P to recycled PET molding materials is 1, which is well dispersed and improves the impact strength of recycled PET molding materials. For example, when 5% "AR-P" is added, the notched impact strength is increased from 2KJ/mz to 5.5KJ/m2. At -10¡æ, the low-temperature impact strength is increased from 1.BkJ/mz to SkJlm2o¢ß It improves the viscosity of recycled PET molding materials and the flowability of PET melt molding materials, making it suitable for molding and processing complex shapes, special-shaped materials and other extrusion molding products.
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