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Special engineering plastics refer to a type of engineering plastics with high comprehensive performance and long-term use temperature above 150¡ãC, mainly including polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and polysulfone (PSF). Special engineering plastics have unique and excellent physical properties and are mainly used in high-tech fields such as electronics and electrical, special industries, etc.
Special Engineering Plastics
Special engineering plastics mainly include polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyarylate (PAR), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF, PCTFE, PFA), etc. There are many types of special engineering plastics with excellent performance and high prices.
Polyphenylene sulfide is called polyphenylene sulfide, which is a thermoplastic resin with phenylthio groups in the main chain of the molecule. Its English name is polyphenylene snlfide (PPS for short).
PPS is a crystalline (crystallinity 55%-65%) high-rigidity white powder polymer with high heat resistance (continuous use temperature up to 240¡ãC), mechanical strength, rigidity, flame retardancy, chemical resistance, electrical properties, dimensional stability, wear resistance, creep resistance, and flame retardancy. It is self-extinguishing. It reaches UL94V-0 level and still maintains good electrical properties under high temperature and high humidity. It has good fluidity and is easy to form. There are almost no shrinkage holes during molding. It has good affinity with various inorganic fillers. After reinforcement modification, its physical and mechanical properties and heat resistance (heat deformation temperature) can be improved. The reinforcement materials include glass fiber, carbon fiber, polyaramid fiber, metal fiber, etc., mainly glass fiber. Inorganic fillers include talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, molybdenum disulfide, etc.
PPS/PTFE, PPS/PA, PPS/PPO and other alloys have been commercialized. PPS/PTFE alloy improves the brittleness, lubricity and corrosion resistance of PPS, and PPS/PA alloy is a high-toughness alloy.
Glass fiber reinforced PPS has excellent thermal stability, wear resistance, creep resistance, excellent mechanical and electrical properties in a wide range (temperature, humidity, frequency), small dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. As a high temperature resistant and anti-corrosion coating, the coating can be used for a long time at 180¡ãC; in the electronic and electrical industry, it is used as connectors, insulating partitions, terminals, and switches; in machinery and adhesive machinery, it is used as pumps, gears, piston ring storage tanks, vane valves, watch parts, and camera parts; in the automotive industry, it is used as carburetors. Distributor parts, electronic and electrical components, gas valves, sensor parts; home appliance parts include tape recorder structural parts, diodes, and various parts; in addition, PPS/PTFE can be used as anti-sticking, wear-resistant parts and transmission parts, such as shaft pumps, in aerospace and aviation industries.
In 1973, Phillips Petroleum Company of the United States successfully developed the synthesis technology of PPS, and first realized industrial production, launching the PPS resin product with the trade name "Ryton". After the patent protection of Phillips Company expired in 1985, Tosoh Company of Japan, Kureha Chemical Industry Company of Germany, and Bayer Company of Germany all built commercial PPS production equipment. Sichuan Deyang Company took the lead in building China's first 1,000-ton PPS resin production line in 2002, filling the gap in China's PPS industrial production, making China the fourth country in the world to realize PPS industrialization after the United States, Japan, and Germany. In 2007, the company invested in the construction of a new PPS resin production line with an annual output of 24,000 tons and a PPS spinning production line with an annual output of 5,000 tons, achieving full localization from PPS resin to PPS fiber. The global production capacity of PPS resin has exceeded 70,000 tons/year, becoming the largest variety of special engineering plastics.
PPS has a low specific gravity, high strength and corrosion resistance. It can be used to replace metal materials to make structural parts required for military equipment. Such as: engine radiator, body door, electric pump, etc., amphibious tank turret base, corrosion-resistant rotating gear, sealing ring, piston ring, sealing gasket, EFI engine rotor impeller, etc., which can effectively reduce the weight of the vehicle and improve its mobility, reliability, damage safety and ride comfort; self-lubricating bearings, sliding gaskets and other products made of PPS are very suitable for weapons and armored vehicles to be used in various harsh natural conditions, improving the reliability of equipment and wartime attendance rate.
Polysulfone is a thermoplastic engineering plastic prepared by polycondensation reaction of bisphenol A and 4, 4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone as raw materials. The English name Polysalfone (PSF or PSU for short) includes ordinary bisphenol A type PSF (commonly known as PSF), polyarylsulfone and polyethersulfone. Polysulfone is a slightly amber amorphous transparent or translucent polymer with excellent mechanical properties, high rigidity, wear resistance, high strength and other characteristics. Its operating temperature range is -100~150¡æ, the long-term operating temperature is 160¡æ, and the short-term operating temperature can reach 190¡æ. Its outstanding advantage is that it maintains excellent mechanical properties even at high temperatures.
Polysulfone materials were first successfully developed and put into production by Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) of the United States. In 1986, the company transferred its polysulfone production and sales rights to Amoco. In addition, the main polysulfone manufacturers include BASF of Germany, ICI of the UK and Shevchink of Russia. The global polysulfone production has exceeded 40,000 tons, and China's production capacity is 1,500 tons.
PSF is a slightly amber amorphous transparent or translucent polymer with excellent mechanical properties, high rigidity, wear resistance, high strength, and excellent mechanical properties even at high temperatures. Its outstanding advantages are that it can maintain excellent mechanical properties in the range of -100~150¡æ, long-term use temperature of 160¡æ, and short-term use temperature of 190¡æ. It has high thermal stability, hydrolysis resistance, good dimensional stability, small molding shrinkage, non-toxic, radiation resistance, flame retardant, and extinguishing. It has excellent electrical properties in a wide range of temperature and frequency. It has good chemical stability. In addition to concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, and halogenated hydrocarbons, it can resist swelling in general acids, alkalis, salts, ketones, and esters. It has poor UV resistance and weather resistance. Poor fatigue resistance is the main disadvantage. PSF should be pre-dried to a moisture content of less than 0.05% before molding. PSF can be processed by injection molding, compression molding, extrusion, thermoforming, blow molding, etc. The melt viscosity is high, and viscosity control is the key to processing. After processing, it is advisable to perform heat treatment to eliminate internal stress. It can be made into precision-sized products.
PSF is mainly used in the electronics and electrical, food and daily necessities, automotive, aviation, medical and general industrial sectors to make various contactors, connectors, transformer insulation parts, thyristor caps, insulating sleeves, coil skeletons, terminals, printed circuit boards, bushings, covers, TV system parts, capacitor films, brush holders, alkaline battery boxes, and wire and cable sheathing. PSF can also be used to make protective cover components, electric gears, battery covers, aircraft internal and external parts, spacecraft external protective covers, camera baffles, lamp parts, and sensors. It can replace glass and stainless steel to make steam dinner plates, coffee containers, microwave cookers, milk containers, milking machine parts, and beverage and food dispensers. In the field of health and medical equipment, there are surgical trays, sprayers, humidifiers, dental equipment, flow controllers, groovers and laboratory equipment. It can also be used for dental implants, with high bonding strength. It can also be used for chemical equipment (pump covers, tower outer protective layers, acid-resistant nozzles, pipelines, valve containers), food processing equipment, dairy processing equipment, and environmental protection and infection control equipment.
Applications in the electrical and electronic industries mainly include coil skeletons, contactors, printed circuit boards with two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, switch parts, lamp stand bases, batteries and battery covers, capacitor thin molds, etc. Since PES products have a long-term use temperature of 180¡ãC, they are UL94V-0 grade materials with high dimensional stability and good electrical insulation properties, making them the preferred material for electrical engineering structural materials. In the application of the machinery industry, glass fiber reinforced grades are mainly selected, and the parts have the characteristics of creep resistance, hardness, and dimensional stability. It is suitable for making bearing brackets and mechanical parts shells, etc. The application in the aviation field has passed the Federal Aviation Specification Clause 25¡¤853 and the Aircraft Technical Standard Clause 1000¡¤001, and is used for aircraft interior decoration parts including brackets, doors, windows, etc. to improve safety. Polyethersulfone has excellent transmittance to radar rays, and radar antenna covers have used it to replace the epoxy parts of the past. The application of kitchen utensils includes coffee makers, egg cookers, microwaves, hot water pumps, etc.
The development of polyethersulfone is mainly based on copolymerization modification, and its purpose is to improve its comprehensive performance and processing performance to meet market demand. Brunner Mond has developed a copolymer of polyethersulfone/polysulfone, which has different component percentages and different resin properties. The copolymer has a higher heat deformation temperature than polysulfone, lower water absorption than polyethersulfone, better flow processing performance, and can be enhanced with GF.
Polyarylsulfone (PASF) and polyethersulfone (PES) have better heat resistance and still maintain excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures.
Scientific name: polyphenylene ether sulfone
PAS
Polyphenylene ether sulfone was developed by 3M in the United States in 1967 and sold under the brand name Astrel 360. Later, the production and sales rights were transferred to Carborundum, which still produces and sells it under the brand name Astrel 360 worldwide.
Astrel 360 polyphenylene sulfone is prepared by the Friedel-Crafts polymerization reaction of 4, 4¡ä-dichlorodiphenyl ether and biphenyl.
The typical characteristics of Astrel 360 polyphenylene sulfone are heat resistance and long-term aging under air temperature of 260¡ãC.
Polyphenylene sulfone can be processed into products by injection, extrusion or compression molding technology. However, polyarylsulfone has a high melt viscosity, so it has special requirements for processing equipment. Generally, special processing equipment is used to meet the processing temperature of 400-425¡æ. The pressure requirement is 140-210MPa (20300-30450psi), and the mold temperature is 230-280¡æ.
Polyarylsulfone is mainly used in the electrical and electronic industries, mostly multi-plug contactors, printed circuit board substrates and sockets for military products. These parts are required to have good mechanical properties, thermal properties and chemical resistance.
In the US market, in addition to the Astrel brand, there is also a Radel model of polyarylsulfone products.
Scientific name: polyethersulfone, polyarylethersulfone
English name: polyethersulfone, referred to as PES
Polyethersulfone was developed by ICI in 1972 and sold worldwide under the brand name Victrex. BASF of Germany produces and sells it under the brand name Ultrason E. In recent years, the production and sales of engineering thermoplastic resins in various countries around the world have been at a low point, among which polyethersulfone is particularly prominent. ICI closed its polyethersulfone unit with a production capacity of 5,000 tons/year in 1991. Currently, the largest manufacturer is BASF. There are a small number of trial products in the pilot chemical plant of Jilin University, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry and Xuzhou Engineering Plastics Factory in China.
There are two production routes for PES, namely the bisphenol route and the monophenol route. Both routes involve nucleophilic high-temperature displacement reactions, the addition of strong bases during the polymerization reaction, and the use of high-boiling-point inert solvents.
Since there are no ester-structured units in the molecular structure of polyethersulfone, polyethersulfone has excellent thermal properties and oxidative stability. UL has confirmed that the continuous use temperature of polyethersulfone is 180¡ãC and meets the UL94V-0 flame retardant requirements (thickness is 0.51mm). Polyethersulfone is resistant to stress cracking and is insoluble in polar solvents such as ketones and some halogenated hydrocarbons. It is resistant to hydrolysis and is resistant to most acids, alkalis, lipid hydrocarbons, alcohols, oils and fats. The performance of the polymer can be improved by controlling its molecular weight or adding various reinforcing materials and various fibers. The resin meets the requirements of the US FDA and can be used for parts in contact with food.
Although polyethersulfone is a high-temperature engineering thermoplastic resin, it can still be processed according to conventional thermoplastic processing technology. It can be injected, extruded, blow molded, compressed or vacuum molded. High mold temperature helps molding and reduces the stress caused by molding. The general injection molding temperature is 310-390¡æ, and the mold temperature is 140-180¡æ. PES is an amorphous resin with very small mold shrinkage, and can be processed into products with high tolerance requirements and thin walls.
Typical modified polyethersulfone varieties include glass fiber reinforced and carbon fiber modified conductive resins.
Polyethersulfone has unique design properties, including: high mechanical properties in a wide temperature range (-100-200¡æ); high heat deformation temperature and good heat aging resistance; long-term use temperature of 180¡æ; good weather resistance of products; flame retardant and low smoke density; good electrical properties; transparent, etc. Therefore, PES products are widely used in electrical, electronic, mechanical, medical, food and aerospace fields.
Applications in the automotive manufacturing industry mainly include reflectors for lighting lamps, with a peak temperature of 200¡æ, and can be made into aluminum alloy reflectors. There are also electrical connectors, electronics, electro-mechanical control components, mounts, windows, masks, water pumps and oil pumps for automobiles.
Applications in the medical and health field. Polyethersulfone products are resistant to hydrolysis and disinfectant solvents. Products include forceps, covers, operating room lighting components, centrifugal pumps, surgical device handles, water heaters, hot water pipes, thermometers, etc.
Applications in kitchen utensils include coffee machines, egg cookers, microwaves, hot water pumps, etc.
Applications in the lighting and optical fields include reflectors and signal lights. Polyethersulfone products have the characteristics of being colored and transparent, UV stable, and can be used in outdoor environments for a long time.
Polyethersulfone can be prepared into various ultrafiltration membranes, osmosis membranes, reverse osmosis membranes and mesoporous fibers with high mechanical strength through solvent technology. Its products are used in energy conservation, water treatment and other fields.
Since polyethersulfone belongs to the category of amorphous resins, it can be used as a coating material for coating metal surfaces.
Brunner Mond has developed a polyethersulfone coating with the brand name Super-Shield. It can be used with Fluon-one-Coat on kitchen utensils to form a non-stick composite coating.
BASF has developed a polyethersulfone thermoplastic rigid foam material. The material has the characteristics of high heat deformation temperature, heat aging resistance, low smoke volatile density, low toxicity, hydrolysis resistance, acid and alkali resistance. This rigid foam material has a bright future in the aerospace field when used together with a composite material of polyethersulfone resin. Due to the hard and lightweight characteristics of the material, it can also be used in shipbuilding, trains, medical and sporting goods.
BASF of Germany has launched a new specially formulated polyethersulfone Ultrason brand for the production of food containers that are required to withstand microwave heating and boiling temperatures. The product uses a new type of UV stabilizer to improve the transparency of PES grades. This UV stabilizer can ensure that the material does not change color and is heat-resistant and aging-resistant for 30 years. The operating temperature range is -14 ¡æ ~ 220 ¡æ. The prepared plates can be directly put into the microwave oven after being taken out of the refrigerator.
Aramid polyamide (PARA) fibers and their composite materials have the characteristics of high tensile strength, high modulus, low elongation, flame resistance, high temperature resistance, resistance to organic solvents and fuels, lubricants, etc., so they are widely used in engineering. PPTA, MPIA, PBA, etc. have been developed for industrial application.
Scientific name: polyparabenamide
Abbreviation: PBA
In 1916, DuPont first introduced aromatic polyamide-polyisophthalamide (Nomex) fiber, in 1970 introduced polyparabenamide (Fibre B or PRD-49), and in 1972 introduced tougher poly1,4-phenylene terephthalamide (Kevlar 49) fiber. Analysis shows that Kevlar fiber is the representative.
In 1977, China began to develop polyparabenamide, and in 1990, Shanghai Synthetic Resin Research Institute completed the pilot test of annual production of 3 tons.
1. Resin production
Use p-aminobenzoic acid as the unit and N-methylpyrrolidone as the solvent, react for 3 hours in the presence of a catalyst and a co-catalyst at 80-90¡ãC. Then, precipitate the material into alcohol, wash the resin with water, and dry it to obtain a spinning resin. The characteristic viscosity of the resin is controlled within the range of 1.8 to 2.2.
2. Preparation of liquid crystal slurry
Dissolve aramid-I resin in an organic solvent (dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone) containing 4-6% co-solvent, and control the polymer concentration to about 9-10%, and an optically anisotropic liquid crystal slurry can be obtained.
3. Wet spinning
The above liquid crystal slurry is filtered and placed in a storage barrel for degassing for 24 hours. The spinning solution is measured by a spinning metering pump and then sent to the spinneret through a filter. It passes through a spinning cap with a ¦µ0.05-0.08¡Á500-1000 hole and is sprayed into the coagulation bath from the spinneret hole at a speed of 10-20 meters per minute. The coagulation bath is a 20-40% organic solvent aqueous solution at a temperature of 40-50¡ãC. The coagulated fiber is fully washed with water and dried to obtain aramid-I precursor. The precursor is heat-treated in an inert gas (3-5 liters/minute, 500-550¡ãC) for 3-5 seconds to obtain aramid-I fiber.
1. Physical properties
Fiber color: light yellow
Relative density: 1.4655g/cm3
Multifilament denier: 1000-1500 denier
Fineness: 1.0-1.5 denier
Multifilament strength: 2337-2585Mpa
Elongation: 1.5-2.5%
Elastic modulus: £¾147Gpa
The performance of Aramid-I is close to that of Kevlar-149, and the comparison between the two is shown in the table
2. Thermal properties
The thermal stability of Aramid-I and Kevlar-49 after impregnation with epoxy resin is similar, while the thermal stability of Aramid-I is better than that of Kevlar-49 without epoxy resin.
After constant temperature aging at 280¡æ in air for 100 hours, the performance of aramid-I is basically unchanged.
The constant temperature heat aging performance of aramid-I at 320¡æ is shown in the table.
Polyparaphenylamide fiber is a high-strength, high-modulus, low-density aromatic amide fiber. Its fiber density (1.42-1.46 g/cm3 is 60% of glass fiber and 80% of carbon fiber, tensile strength is 3.4-4.1 Gpa, tensile modulus is 82.7-137.9 Gpa, and compressive strength is only 20% of tensile strength, showing ductility, compressibility and bending, and energy absorption. It is widely used in the reinforcement of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics, and is an efficient reinforcing agent for cutting-edge composite materials. Typical applications include:
1. Military composite materials for missiles, nuclear weapons, aerospace, etc. It can greatly reduce its own weight and increase its range and load capacity.
2. Using its ultra-rigidity and low-density properties, its composite materials are used as radar covers and antenna skeletons.
3. Use its composite materials to make aircraft floor materials, fairings, fuselage doors and windows, interior decoration and other structural materials.
4. Use its high strength and low elongation characteristics to make it a reinforcing skeleton material for optical cables, electrical cables, marine cables, etc.
5. Sports equipment. Successfully used to make racing boats, oars, badminton rackets, etc.
6. Various high-temperature, wear-resistant packings, brake pads, etc.
7. Rubber products. Used to make ultra-high pressure pipes, toothed belts, V-belts, etc.
Scientific name: Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)
Abbreviation: PPTA
DuPont of the United States first developed Nomex fiber, and in 1972 successfully developed Kevlar-29 and Kevlar-49 fibers. In 1979, the United States consumed 7,000 tons of aromatic polyamide. DuPont of the United States has three major Kevlar fiber manufacturers, namely: the Richmond plant in the United States with an annual production capacity of 20,000 tons; the Maytown plant in the United Kingdom with an annual production capacity of 7,000 tons; and the Tokai plant in Japan of Toray DuPont with an annual production capacity of 25,000 tons.
After the patent dispute between Akzo and DuPont of the Netherlands was resolved, Akzo accumulated The company is developing Twaron aromatic polyamide fiber and has built a 5,000-ton production facility. It plans to expand to 7,000 tons in 1992. The company also intends to cooperate with Sumitomo Chemical to build an aromatic polyamide plant in Japan. Teijin of Japan produces Technora aromatic polyamide fiber at its Matsuyama plant, and the company plans to cooperate with Hoechst of Germany to produce aromatic polyamide fiber in Germany. The global production of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber is about 60,000 tons.
1. Resin production
In a polymerization kettle filled with N-methylpyrrolidone, add aluminum chloride (1.2-1.8% of the feed amount) and pyrrole (pyrrole/p-phenylenediamine = 0.6-1.2 mol), then add p-phenylenediamine, and after dissolving, add terephthaloyl chloride powder in two steps (p-phenylenediamine concentration is 0.20-0.45 mol/L, terephthaloyl chloride excess is 0.30-2.5%), stir and react under nitrogen protection and normal pressure, the reaction temperature is maintained at -5¡æ¡«80¡æ, and the polymer intrinsic viscosity is 5.5-6.0.
2. Spinning
Kevlar fiber is prepared by poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) paint. PPTA is the product of the condensation reaction of p-phenylene diamine and p-phenylene dichloride. PPTA is dissolved in hot concentrated sulfuric acid until the liquid crystal solid concentration reaches 20% by weight. The PPTA-sulfuric acid solution is sprayed into the coagulation bath by dry spinning (dry spray-wet spinning). Then, the fiber is neutralized with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, followed by water washing and drying to make Kevlar fiber.
1. Resin properties
Intrinsic viscosity ¡Ý4.5
Ash content ¡Ü500ppm
Light yellow color
2. Fiber properties
Heat-treated raw yarn
Tensile strength 2.8Gpa 2.8GPa
Elongation 5.76% 3.5%
Elastic modulus 51¡«64Gpa ¡Ý96GPa
Relative density 1.44 1.45
3. Thermal properties
Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) has the characteristics of ultra-high strength, ultra-high modulus, high temperature resistance and low density. The thermal weight loss of its raw yarn and heat-treated yarn is shown in the table.
Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber can be used as mooring ropes for ships and balloons, traction ropes for fishing gear and resource collection, yacht sails, gliding recovery spacecraft, bulletproof suit vests and protective clothing such as racing suits. It can also be used as reinforcing fiber for composite materials, such as tire cord and belt cord. In addition, it can also be used in aircraft, automobiles, sports equipment, etc. Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber produced in China has been successfully used in missiles, aircraft, automobiles, optical cable reinforcements, rowing, bows and arrows, badminton and other sports equipment.
High-strength, high-modulus, low-density aramid fibers will continue to develop in the direction of ultra-high strength, ultra-high modulus and low density in the future. As far as polymer preparation is concerned, continuous extrusion polymerization is the development direction, but the problem of molecular weight control needs to be solved. How to make polymers with uniform molecular weight distribution is still a problem that needs to be solved. In addition, reducing the cost of raw materials and the price of fibers is also a top priority. Only by reducing prices and improving quality can we be more competitive.
Comparison of the product performance of China's Aramid-II, DuPont's Kevlar, Twaron of the Netherlands Akzo and Technora of Japan's Teijin is shown in the table
Polyimide is an aromatic heterocyclic polymer compound with an imide chain link in its molecular structure. Its English name is Polyimide (PI for short). It can be divided into four categories: benzene PI, soluble PI, polyamide-imide (PAI) and polyetherimide (PEI).
PI is one of the best heat-resistant varieties among current engineering plastics. Some varieties can withstand high temperatures of 290¡æ for a long time and 490¡æ for a short time. It is also resistant to extremely low temperatures, such as not brittle in liquid helium at -269¡æ. In addition, it has good mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, flame retardancy, dimensional stability, and electrical properties, small molding shrinkage, oil resistance, general acid and organic solvent resistance, alkali resistance, and excellent friction and wear resistance. PI is non-toxic and can be used to make tableware and medical instruments, and can withstand thousands of disinfections.
PI molding methods include compression molding, impregnation, injection molding, extrusion, die casting, coating, casting, lamination, foaming, and transfer molding.
Polyimide (PI) first appeared in the patents of Edwards and Robison in 1955. In 1961, DuPont produced polyimide film and sold it on the market under the trade name Kapton. In 1972, General Motors began to research and develop polyetherimide (PEI), and in 1982 built a 10,000-ton production facility under the trade name Ultem. After that, Japan's Ube Industries, Mitsui Chemicals and some European countries have successively realized the commercial production of polyimide. So far, there are more than 20 major varieties of polyimide, and there are more than 40 manufacturers in the United States, Europe and Japan. South Korea, Malaysia, Russia and China all have a small number of manufacturers producing and applying polyimide. In 2005, the global production capacity reached 60,000 tons, of which China accounted for about 5,000 tons.
PI is used in aviation, automobiles, electronic appliances, industrial machinery, etc. It can be used as engine fuel supply system parts, jet engine components, compressor and generator parts, fasteners, spline joints and electronic connectors. It can also be used as automobile engine parts, bearings, piston sleeves, timing gears, printed circuit boards, insulating materials, heat-resistant cables, terminals, sockets in the electronics industry, and high-temperature resistant self-lubricating bearings, compressor blades and piston machines, seals, equipment heat shields, thrust washers, bushings, etc. in the machinery industry.
Polyetherimide has excellent mechanical properties, electrical insulation properties, radiation resistance, high and low temperature resistance and wear resistance, self-extinguishing, good melt fluidity, and a molding shrinkage rate of only 0.5% to 0.7%. It can be molded by injection and extrusion, and post-processing is relatively easy. It can be joined with other materials by adhesives or various welding methods. PEI is widely used in industries such as electronics, aviation, automobiles, and medical devices. GE of the United States is the world's largest PEI manufacturer, and some foreign engineering plastic modification companies provide modified products such as PEI alloys. The development trend is to introduce p-phenylenediamine structure or form alloys with other special engineering plastics to improve its heat resistance; or form alloys with engineering plastics such as PC and PA to improve its mechanical strength.
The strength of polyamide-imide is the highest among current non-reinforced plastics. The tensile strength of this color material is 190MPa and the bending strength is 250MPa. The heat deformation temperature under a load of 1.8MPa reaches 274¡æ. PAI has good ablation resistance and electromagnetic properties under high temperature and high frequency, and has good bonding properties to metals and other materials. It is mainly used for gears, rollers, bearings and copier separation claws, etc. It can also be used as ablative materials, magnetic permeable materials and structural materials for aircraft. PAI was first successfully developed and commercialized by Amoco. In addition to Amoco, Japan's Toray Company can also provide molding materials. Its development direction is to enhance modification and allo
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