CCTV News (Focus Interview): The 2021 Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization was held in Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province, from July 12 to 13. The theme of this forum is "Low-carbon Transformation and Green Development-Building a Community of Life between Man and Nature". From 2009 to 2021, the Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization has been held for more than ten years. What are the hot topics of this forum? As China's only national-level international forum with the theme of ecological civilization, what kind of forward-looking discussions will this conference have?

This Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization has 22 sub-forums, covering hot topics such as "green finance", "green and low-carbon development of urban and rural construction", and "climate change, global carbon sinks and ecological protection". Around these topics, the forum also released a number of typical cases to showcase the achievements of China's ecological civilization construction and provide a "Chinese solution" for building a "community of life between man and nature". As the host of this forum, Guizhou also shared the story of the ecological protection of Fanjing Mountain at the forum.

The Wuling Mountain area in Guizhou Province is an important water conservation area and ecological barrier in the Yangtze River Basin. As the main peak of the Wuling Mountains, Fanjing Mountain preserves the best virgin forest in the same latitude zone on the earth, and is also the habitat of the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey, a first-class protected animal in China. But it is not easy to protect this piece of pure land. There are many indigenous people living in Fanjing Mountain. Living in the mountains is inseparable from building houses and roads. With the increasing human activities, the habitat and reproduction of local animals are gradually affected.

In order to maintain the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem, protect biodiversity, and leave precious natural assets for future generations. In August 2018, the Standing Committee of the Tongren Municipal People's Congress passed the "Tongren City Fanjing Mountain Protection Regulations", which also included some areas outside the Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve into the protection and management, and strictly in accordance with the "Regulations on Nature Reserves of the People's Republic of China", all residents within the core area of 311 square kilometers were relocated in an orderly manner.

In September 2018, 501 aborigines from 143 households living in the core area of Fanjing Mountain moved out of the mountains as relocation households for poverty alleviation and started a new life at the foot of the mountain. This is only a part of the aborigines of Fanjing Mountain. The local government did not relocate all the mountain people in one fell swoop, but divided the reserve into different areas for hierarchical management, and the residents of the experimental area can continue to live here.

Kuaichang Village is one of the villages in the experimental area. At the beginning of the establishment of the reserve, the villagers did not think that the reserve had anything to do with them, and they had no environmental awareness. Non-degradable household garbage accumulates over time and pollutes the water and soil of Fanjing Mountain. In order to gradually help the villagers cultivate the concept of environmental protection, the village encourages the villagers to sort the garbage and take recyclables such as cardboard and plastic bottles to the "garbage exchange supermarket". Here, staff will weigh the garbage, and then convert the garbage brought by the villagers into points according to the market price of garbage recycling. The villagers can use these points to exchange for daily necessities in the supermarket.

Gradually, the villagers mastered the knowledge of garbage classification and slowly developed the habit of collecting garbage and disposing it in a unified manner, and this is only the first step. In order to cultivate the villagers' awareness of participating in ecological and environmental protection, the local government guided the villagers to give up fishing, collecting wild medicinal materials and other production and living activities that damage the ecological environment, and at the same time provided them with jobs for patrolling and protecting the mountains and forests to solve their livelihood problems. The villagers who have lived on the mountains for generations have now become the guardians of Fanjing Mountain. While protecting the ecological environment of Fanjing Mountain, it is also necessary to meet the living needs of the villagers who remain in the reserve so that people and animals can coexist harmoniously. Since 2017, the local government has begun to work hard to open up ecological corridors and strengthen the connectivity of the ecosystem. The hierarchical ecological protection mechanism of Fanjing Mountain allows this mountain to recuperate and the ecological chain is more stable.

The improvement of the ecological environment has not only made this place a home for more and more wild animals and plants, but also opened up a new world for the lives of local villagers. After Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve was included in the World Natural Heritage List, many tourists came here. Yang Hui's home is nearby. A few years ago, she quit her job in the city, renovated her house, and opened a homestay, with an annual turnover of millions.

Yang Hui's story is not an isolated case. In the first half of this year, the number of tourists to Fanjing Mountain Scenic Area reached 700,000, an increase of 45% over the same period in 2019, and revenue increased by 28% year-on-year.

The construction of ecological civilization is not only to protect the natural ecology, but also to achieve green and low-carbon development of urban and rural construction. The Nanming River Basin Management in Guizhou is a vivid example of creating a livable city.

The Nanming River is a first-level tributary of the Wujiang River, the largest river in Guizhou, and is also the mother river of Guiyang. However, over the years, the production activities of some factories along the coast have caused the water quality of the Nanming River to deteriorate. To change this situation, not only must the polluting enterprises on both sides of the river be moved away, but the polluted water bodies must also be repaired. To this end, the Guiyang Municipal Government decided to build a sewage treatment plant underground in the main urban area for on-site treatment.

Building a recycled water plant under the urban area can not only solve the problem of "leakage" in the sewage collection process, but also replenish the recycled water to the Nanming River nearby to beautify the urban landscape. Above this recycled water plant is a newly built living water ecological park.

The ecological restoration of the Nanming River not only makes the river clean and improves the ecology along the coast, but also brings vitality to urban development. From morning to night every day, nearby citizens will come here to exercise and relax, which makes the Nanming River coast more popular.

From land environmental governance to marine ecological protection and restoration, this is the inevitable result of China's ecological environment governance to expand in depth. How to repair the marine ecological environment that has been damaged in some coastal areas? This topic has attracted attention at this Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization. Zhejiang Dongtou shared their experience in carrying out the "Blue Bay" remediation and restoring the marine ecology over the years.

Zhejiang Dongtou is an island area in Wenzhou. Surrounded by the sea and inconvenient transportation, it used to be a problem that plagued the economic development here. In 2006, the local government deliberately built the Lingni Levee to connect the island with the urban area of Wenzhou. The transportation is convenient, but after more than ten years, ecological problems have gradually emerged.

Land reclamation, sand mining and stone quarrying have also made the beaches full of garbage and devastated, and it is urgent to restore the coastal ecology. To this end, the Dongtou government cleared out the seriously polluted cage fish farming, planted "mangroves" and "tamarisks", and built a coastal ecological protection barrier, but marine ecological restoration is a systematic problem. If you want to cure it, you can't avoid the problem of demolishing the levee.

Faced with all kinds of doubts, the Dongtou government is also thinking about whether it is really necessary to demolish the levee?

After listening to the analysis of experts, the Dongtou government also calculated such an account. There will be certain losses in demolishing the levee at present, but in the long run, the coastal ecology will be restored, not only the local environment will be more livable, but also the development prospects will be better with the ecological treasure house of the ocean. So they decided to respect nature, demolish the levee, and let the coastal ecology repair itself. In less than a year, people found that the sea began to regain its vitality.

In recent years, China's ecological stories are wonderful. The living conditions of wild animals such as giant pandas, Tibetan antelopes, and elks have been continuously improved. Rare animals such as desert cats have reappeared, Siberian tigers have appeared, and whales have appeared in Dapeng Bay again. In today's China, the concept of "green water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains" has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The results of respecting, adapting to, and protecting nature are gradually emerging.

Compared with 2015, China's energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP in 2020 decreased by 13.7%, the forest coverage rate reached 23.04%, the ratio of good days in cities at or above the prefecture level in China was 87%, and the proportion of sections with good surface water quality in China increased to 83.4%.

The three stories in the program just now are just a microcosm of China's ecological civilization construction in recent years. Whether it is the graded ecological protection of Fanjing Mountain in Tongren, the management of Nanming River in Guiyang, or the marine ecological restoration in Dongtou, Wenzhou, they have not only improved the local ecological environment, but also made the living environment of the people more livable and suitable for business. They have not only produced natural benefits, but also economic and social benefits, providing a good reference sample for building a community of life between man and nature. Economic development should not be a case of exhausting resources and the ecological environment, and ecological environmental protection should not be a case of abandoning economic development. Protecting in development and developing in protection is the right way to build an ecological civilization.

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