With the development of China's plastics industry, the annual growth rate of China's plastic machinery industry has been around 30% in recent years, and the profit rate growth is much higher than the growth of the total industrial output value. It is one of the fastest growing industries in China's machinery industry. At present, the plastic processing machinery produced in China can meet the basic needs of the country, but compared with the world's advanced level, China's plastic processing machinery still has a certain gap in quality stability and automation. According to incomplete statistics, the output value of China's plastic machinery industry in 2002 was about 10 billion yuan, while the domestic market demand in the same period was about 20 billion yuan, and there is still a lot of market space.

Functional Configuration

1. Injection molding machine

Injection molding machine is the largest type of plastic machine in China in terms of production and application, and it is also the main force of China's plastic machine exports.

In the late 1950s, China produced the first injection molding machine, but due to the low technical content of the equipment at that time, it could only use general plastics to produce daily necessities with low technical requirements, such as plastic boxes, plastic buckets, plastic basins, etc.

After the 1980s, China's injection molding machine industry developed rapidly, with an annual growth rate of more than 20%, and gradually formed processing bases mainly in Ningbo, Zhejiang, Dongguan, Guangdong, Shunde and other places. Among them, Ningbo's injection molding machine production and sales accounted for more than 60% of the total production and sales in the country. The production and sales of complete machines reached 30,000 units in 2002, and it is expected to reach 35,000 units in 2003, accounting for about 60% of the total annual production in mainland China and about 30% of the world's total production. In Ningbo alone, there are more than 100 large and small injection molding machine manufacturers, including China Haitian Machinery Co., Ltd., which ranks first in production and sales in the world, and more than 10 foreign-funded enterprises, involving hundreds of parts and components supporting enterprises.

Most of China's large-scale backbone injection molding machine manufacturers are joint ventures, which have introduced advanced foreign technology and management models. In terms of technology, the injection molding machines produced in China have developed from ordinary models to large machines, all-electronic machines, oil-electric composite machines and special injection molding machines. Among them, Haitian has developed the injection molding machine with the largest clamping force in China, which is used for the production of auto parts; Chen Hsong has developed a fully electric special machine for CD production and a special machine for PET bottle preform injection molding. Although from the overall point of view, the injection molding machines produced in China are still mainly low-end products, injection molding machine manufacturers represented by Haitian and Chen Hsong are striving to develop towards the mid-end market.

In terms of application, China's injection molding machines are mainly general-purpose, and the production of general plastic products such as toys, stationery, daily necessities, furniture, and decoration materials occupies the largest market share.

Secondly, injection molding machines are mainly used in the production of large household appliances, such as refrigerators, color TVs, washing machines, air conditioners, computer shells, etc. This market uses more than 40% of China's total engineering plastics, and domestic injection molding machines have a high market share in this market.

Another important field of injection molding machine application is the production of packaging products, which are mainly used for PET bottle preforms, plastic bottles, bottle caps and other products. Among them, the market for injection molding machines dedicated to PET bottle preforms is mainly controlled by imported equipment.

Compact discs (CDs), digital video discs (DVDs), magneto-optical discs (MDs) and mini-discs (MDSs) are used as media for recording data, and their sales are growing rapidly around the world. China has developed special injection molding machines for CDs, but they have not been widely used.

Some special injection molding machines, such as ceramic injection molding machines for producing fine ceramic components and magnetic injection molding machines for producing NdFeB electronic components, have not received much attention from machinery manufacturers due to their small usage. However, with the further segmentation of the market, the development of related special models is of great significance.

Similarly, special injection molding machines for the production of thin-walled or special engineering plastic products are still blank in China, and are mainly occupied by imported equipment. There is a strong demand for thin-walled products represented by mobile phone cases, and this market has great development potential.

From the regional distribution of the consumer market, the main consumer market for injection molding machines in China is gradually spreading from south to north.

In terms of exports, injection molding machines occupy an important position in China's plastic machinery export market, accounting for about 60.4% of the total exports, and foreign exchange earnings account for 74.1%, making them the undisputed main export force.

Two. Extruder"}]}]},

In China's plastic processing industry, almost 1/3-1/2 of plastic products are made by extrusion. As the second largest category of plastic machinery, the output and sales of extrusion molding units account for about 20-25% of plastic machinery, and the varieties of extruders account for 30% of plastic machinery varieties. This proportion has a trend of increasing year by year.

There are more than 100 extruder manufacturers in China, most of which are private or township enterprises, mainly concentrated in areas with developed plastic processing industries, such as coastal areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Shandong, and Guangdong. The total industrial output value of 124 major extruder enterprises in the country is 3.87 billion yuan, and coastal areas account for more than 70%. There are only three or four manufacturers that can produce more than 300 extruder units each year. Most of the companies can only produce low-grade old products, which are difficult to achieve economies of scale, especially in terms of control level, efficiency, precision, reliability and completeness. Compared with developed countries, there is a large gap.

The extrusion molding equipment produced in China is mainly concentrated on general small and medium-sized general machinery. Large and precise extruders are mainly imported.

Building materials, packaging films and containers, and daily necessities are the main application markets for extruders.

Supported by policies, various plastic pipes and plastic profiles for plastic doors and windows in China have developed rapidly, with an annual growth rate of 15%, ranking first in the world. Plastic doors and windows and plastic pipes account for about 13% and 10% of the plastic products market respectively. It is expected that the average annual growth rate of plastic pipes will reach 20% in the next few years.

Although there are more than 1,000 plastic pipe manufacturers in China, there are only more than 30 10,000-ton-level enterprises, and the production scale of most enterprises is less than 3,000 tons/year, which does not reach the economic scale (the economic scale of foreign countries is generally more than 20,000 tons/year). China's plastic pipe production equipment was originally introduced from abroad and has basically been domestically produced. Except for the production extruders for large-diameter corrugated pipes, it can basically meet market demand.

Similar to this is the market for plastic door and window profiles. China's current annual production capacity of profiles is between 1.8 million tons and 2 million tons, and the actual production volume is about 800,000 tons. The overall performance is large production capacity and low output. This is due to both management and market factors, as well as problems caused by the unstable quality of domestic equipment.

In terms of packaging, multi-layer co-extrusion technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in many fields. For example, in the production of hollow containers, including the extrusion production of large two-component hollow containers, the extrusion units produced in China are already competent.

As a processing method for plastic composite films, the co-extrusion composite process has also been widely used with its unique advantages. The production of co-extrusion composite films in China has become mature. The plastic packaging films produced by this process have the characteristics of multi-function, light weight, and thin film wall. This process not only greatly simplifies the production process, but also uses less materials and reduces the amount of raw materials used. The use of this process to produce composite packaging materials with the same structure can save 30% of production costs compared to other processes. Domestic production equipment for co-extruded composite films with 3 layers or less in China has taken a dominant position, mainly producing functional composite heat-sealed substrates, heat shrinkable films, wrapping films and greenhouse films, etc.; the production of co-extruded films with 5 layers or more is still mainly imported equipment.

3. Hollow Blow Molding

Hollow blow molding technology and equipment are mainly used for the production of packaging products.

From the perspective of product structure, China's small hollow containers are developing in the direction of multiple varieties, diversification and specialization; while large hollow products mainly include polypropylene or high-density polyethylene hollow blow molding products and blow-molded pallets.

Compared with the injection molding machine and extruder market, the research and development of domestic hollow blow molding equipment requires more efforts. On the one hand, it is because domestic equipment has a narrow adaptability and a relatively single production method. In addition to the extrusion blow method, there are fewer injection blow, extrusion blow, and injection blow methods; on the other hand, the performance is not up to standard, and there is a large gap compared with foreign products in terms of automation control and quality reliability.

The market for PET bottles produced by injection stretch blow molding in China is huge, and the growth rate is very impressive. Not only are there super PET bottle manufacturers like Zhuhai Zhongfu and Shanghai Zijiang, but also beverage companies like Wahaha, Master Kong, Huiyuan, etc. have invested heavily in introducing equipment to produce PET bottles. China spends no less than 200 million US dollars each year on introducing advanced foreign PET bottle production equipment. However, facing such a huge market, domestic companies have done almost nothing. Guangzhou Tech-Long launched China's first domestically produced rotary bottle blowing machine, indicating that Chinese blow molding equipment manufacturers have begun to enter the field of high-speed blow molding equipment production.

Four. Calender

The calender is a key equipment in plastic calendering production. The number of rollers of the calender is at least three, and there are also four or five rollers. The arrangement of the rollers includes triangle, straight line, reverse L type, positive Z type, oblique Z type, L type, etc.

Plastic mold

Hydraulic press

Main equipment for plastic compression molding, divided into upper pressure type and lower pressure type. The specific structure is shown in the figure.

Product features

In plastic machinery processing, various plastic processing failures are often encountered. What kind of professional terms are more accurately expressed in the plastic machinery industry? Let's analyze the professional terms of plastic processing failures one by one.

Under-injection

In plastic processing, the phenomenon that the appearance of plastic parts is incomplete due to insufficient filling of the cavity.

Flash

During the plastic processing molding process, the residual material overflows into the gap between the mold joint surfaces and remains on the plastic part.

Weld mark

A linear mark on the surface of the plastic part, which is caused by the diversion and convergence of several streams of material in the mold during injection or extrusion, and the molten material is not completely fused at the interface, and cannot be fused into one, resulting in a fusion mark, which affects the appearance quality and mechanical properties of the plastic part.

Flow marks

Due to the improper flow of molten material in the mold cavity, the surface of the plastic part produces annual ring-shaped, spiral-shaped or cloud-shaped wave-shaped uneven defects.

Surface turbidity

Refers to the cracks with gaps on the surface of the plastic part and the damage formed thereby. The phenomenon of cracks on the outside or inside of the plastic part caused by long-term or repeated application of stress lower than the mechanical properties of the plastic is called stress cracking; the phenomenon of sudden and complete rupture of the plastic part due to constant load for a certain period of time at a specific temperature is called stress cracking; the cracks and ruptures of some thermoplastic parts that are overexposed to higher temperatures are called thermal stress cracking.

Compression cracking

Refers to the obvious cracks in one or several layers of reinforcement materials on the outside of the laminated plastic that can be seen through the resin layer covering the surface.

Wrinkle cracking

A defect in which the surface of the laminated plastic is cracked and obviously separated.

Wrinkles

During the plastic processing, one or more layers of the plastic surface have creases or wrinkles, which is an appearance defect.

Cracks and whitening"}]}]},

The more obvious fine cracks on the surface of plastic parts are called cracks, and the frost-like fine cracks similar to cracks are called whitening. Both cracks and whitening are fine cracks without cracks. Environmental stress cracking occurs when plastic parts are exposed to a certain chemical environment or under stress conditions.

Silver streaks

Needle-shaped silver-white frost-like fine lines on the surface of plastic parts along the material flow direction.

Stripes

Linear streak defects on the surface or inside of plastic parts.

Spotting

Dark spots on the surface of plastic parts caused by poor dispersion or mixing of pigments and other reasons.

Orange peel texture

Orange-like texture on the surface of plastic parts

Cellular streaks

Refers to a cell layer in a foam plastic that is very different from its inherent cell structure.

Black spots

During the plastic processing and molding process, the molten material is overheated and decomposed under high temperature and high pressure conditions, resulting in black carbonized spots on the surface of the plastic part.

White spots or bright spots

There are particles that are not fully plasticized in transparent or translucent plastic films, sheets or plastic parts. When light is transmitted, white particles can be seen. These particles are called "fish eyes". If the material is opaque or colored, such particles are called white spots or bright spots.

Pockmarks

Regular or irregular small pits appearing on the surface of plastic parts, usually with a depth and width of about the same.

Filler spots

Obvious marks in plastic parts caused by the presence of fillers such as wood powder or asbestos.

Dark spots

Dark stains that appear in laminate structures with fabric as the base material.

Scorch and burn spots

During the plastic processing process, under high temperature and high pressure molding conditions, the molten material is carbonized due to overheating decomposition, and the carbonized charred material is mixed in the molten material, forming defects such as spots on the surface and inside of the plastic part.

Bubbles

During the plastic processing and molding process, if a large amount of gas remains in the molten material, or the air in the mold cavity is not completely exhausted, small or clustered pores will be formed inside the plastic part after molding. Defects.

Vacuum bubbles or dark bubbles

When plastic parts are cooled and solidified during plastic processing, due to the different cooling speeds inside and outside, sometimes the outer surface has been cooled and solidified, but the inside is still in a hot melt state. Once the center cools and shrinks, vacuum holes will appear inside the plastic parts. These holes are generally called vacuum bubbles or dark bubbles, also known as shrinkage holes.

Pinholes

A pinhole-sized through-hole defect in plastic sheets or films.

Deflated bubbles

A defect in which the local density of foam plastics is increased due to the destruction of the pore structure during the manufacturing process.

Depression and shrinkage

During the cooling process of plastic parts, the surface layer is cooled and solidified first, and the inside or thick wall part is cooled and solidified later. When the volume shrinks, the shrinkage speeds inside and outside are inconsistent, and the surface of the plastic part is stretched by the inside to form a depression, resulting in shallow pits or pits.

Main Applications

As important technical equipment, plastic processing machinery is widely used in various sectors of the national economy and various fields of people's lives, such as the building materials industry, packaging industry, electrical and electronic information industry, agriculture, automobile and transportation industry, light industry, petrochemical industry, machinery industry, national defense industry, etc., and it is increasingly showing an extremely important role in the national economy.

In 2001, the total industrial output value of China's plastic machinery industry was 8.1 billion yuan, with a profit of 5.9 billion yuan, and the profit rate growth was much higher than the growth of the total industrial output value. Among the 194 industries in the national machinery industry, the main economic indicators of the plastic machinery industry are in the forefront. In 2002, the output value of China's plastic machinery industry was about 10 billion yuan, and the domestic market demand was about 20 billion yuan, and there is still a lot of market space.

There are about 500 major plastic machinery manufacturers in China, most of which are distributed in the southeast coast, the Pearl River Delta, and the Yangtze River Delta. Injection molding machines, extruders and extruder production lines, and hollow blow molding machines are the most widely used and largest-selling plastic machinery varieties in China. The sum of the three major categories accounts for more than 85% of the total output value, number of machines and weight of China's plastic machinery industry, among which injection molding machines account for the largest share of the three major categories, more than 50%.

In the past decade, China's plastic machinery industry has made great progress, with an annual output of more than 100,000 sets of various plastic processing machinery, which can basically meet the requirements of general plastic raw material processing and plastic product processing and molding. Except for dozens of large plastic enterprise groups that have advanced equipment, the vast majority of plastic processing enterprises are mainly domestically produced equipment.

Because domestic equipment still has many shortcomings in large, precise and high-speed equipment. The number of plastic machinery imported by China is also growing rapidly, with tens of thousands of sets of various plastic machines imported each year. In 2001, China imported plastic machinery for $1.12 billion, while exporting plastic machinery for only $1.3 billion. In 2002, the value of imported plastic processing equipment was nearly $2 billion, about twice the total output value of domestic plastic machinery, which shows that foreign advanced plastic machinery manufacturers have a relatively obvious competitive advantage in technology. Especially in the production of some products, imported equipment occupies a dominant position. For example, the production of heat-resistant PET bottles in China is almost entirely completed by imported equipment; high-end film production equipment is also all imported production lines.

In terms of application, due to the rapid development of the building materials industry, packaging industry, electronic information industry, and automobile industry, the demand for plastics has increased, and the market for plastic machinery has also expanded.

In the building materials industry, plastic machinery is mainly used for the production of sewer pipes, water pipes, door and window profiles, waterproof coils, wire tubes, sunshades, etc.; in the packaging industry, plastic machinery is mainly used for the production of hollow containers, various packaging films, sheets, turnover boxes, plastic pallets and other plastic packaging products; the production of refrigerators, televisions and other products in the electrical and electronic information industry, components, transmission lines and plugs and sockets, etc., and the production of various information carriers CDs are all provided by the plastic machinery industry; plastic machinery is also widely used in the production of automobile bumpers, coverings, interior decorations, etc.; in modern agriculture, greenhouses, double-layer roofs, drainage and irrigation pipe systems, various agricultural films, etc. all require the use of plastic machinery equipment. The rapid development of these industries has effectively driven the development of the plastic machinery industry.

Although the total output value of China's plastic machinery industry accounts for less than 0.5% of the total output value of China's machinery industry. But its position in the national economy is becoming more and more important. In addition to the new market, about 1/5 of China's equipment is high-energy consumption, low-capacity equipment that should be eliminated, and the market prospects are extremely attractive. Experts predict that in the future Chinese plastic machinery market, the proportion of various plastic processing machinery will be: injection molding machines account for 35%, extruders account for about 25%, and blow molding machines account for about

Development prospects

The development of the plastic machinery industry depends on the development of the plastic raw material industry and the plastic product processing industry.

The overall development trend of China's plastic machinery is to develop in the direction of combined structure, specialization, serialization, standardization, compounding, miniaturization, large-scale, personalization, and intelligence. At the same time, it must meet the requirements of energy saving, material saving, and high efficiency to meet the needs of plastic raw materials and plastic product processing companies to save costs.

In terms of injection molding machines, injection molding technology has developed rapidly, and new technologies and new equipment have emerged in an endless stream. High computerization, automation, single-machine multi-function, diversified auxiliary equipment, rapid combination, and convenient installation, maintenance and maintenance will become a trend. All-electric injection molding machines, oil-electric composite injection molding machines, gas-assisted and water-assisted injection molding technology, and multi-layer injection molding technology are in the ascendant. Special injection molding machines for bottle blanks, optical discs, magnetic materials, and the production of special engineering plastic thin-wall products will become increasingly important. There will also be a greater demand for large and super-large injection molding machines to match the development of heavy industries such as automobiles.

Large-scale and precision are the development focus of extrusion equipment. For example, large-scale extrusion material making units are one of the three key equipment supporting ethylene projects, and have long relied on imports. In order to meet the needs of the development of the petrochemical industry, the localization process must be accelerated. Precision can increase the gold content of products, such as multi-layer co-extruded composite films, which require precision extruders.

Reducing the special accessories on the extruder and striving to improve the modularization of equipment production is also a general trend. Modular production can not only shorten the research and development cycle of new products, but also facilitate global procurement of various system module components of molding equipment. This is very beneficial to ensuring the quality of the whole machine, reducing costs, and accelerating capital turnover.

In terms of hollow blow molding equipment, it is imperative to improve the degree of automation of the equipment and enhance its stability. Some medium-speed special equipment, such as bottle blowing machines for the production of medical plastic bottles, can be selected as a breakthrough.

In short, innovative development is the only way for the development of China's plastic machinery industry. Only by continuous research and development and technology with independent intellectual property rights can it be avoided.