Building polymer materials are polymer materials used in house construction, decoration, decoration, bridges and road engineering.

Basic information

Among these materials, plastics are used in the largest amount and are developing rapidly. In addition to being used as sealing materials and waterproof materials, rubber is also made into various hoses and rubber sheets. Adhesives are mainly used in wood processing and concrete construction. The scope of use of coatings covers all decoration and decorative occasions.

Product classification

In the 1980s, building plastics accounted for about 20% of the total plastic consumption in the world, ranking second only to packaging plastics. The countries with annual consumption exceeding one million tons include the United States, Federal Republic of Germany and Japan. The type of plastic used in the largest amount is polyvinyl chloride, which accounts for more than 40% of the total plastic used in construction. Amino resins (such as urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins), phenolic resins, polyethylene and unsaturated polyesters also account for about 40%. Others include polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane and polyoxymethylene. Plastic materials used in construction have excellent properties such as waterproof, anti-corrosion, wear-resistant, earthquake-resistant, light, high strength, sound insulation, heat insulation, good electrical insulation, and bright colors. Its performance can also be improved and enhanced by reinforcing, blending, filling and adding various additives (such as flame retardants, antistatic agents, antioxidants, etc.). Therefore, the application of plastics in the construction industry has become an indispensable means.

Pipes: As early as during the Second World War, Germany began to use polyvinyl chloride to make pipes due to metal shortages. Compared with metal pipes, plastic pipes weigh only 1/7 of metal and the installation cost is reduced by 30%. Corrugated pipes of various diameters can ensure a certain strength without increasing the wall thickness, and are easy to bend when used. They have been widely used as wire casings, ventilation pipes, irrigation pipes, etc. By the 1980s, pipes ranked first in the total consumption of plastic building materials. ¢Ù Water pipes are mainly made of polyvinyl chloride. In addition to sewer pipes and sewage pipes, they have been widely used as water pipes, but the vinyl chloride monomer content and lead salt precipitation of water pipes need to be strictly controlled. ¢Ú Gas pipes are made of medium and high density polyethylene, which has the advantages of light weight, good toughness, water shock resistance, and low temperature resistance, and can be wound and heated and welded. ¢Û Hot water pipes are currently made of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (see polyvinyl chloride) or poly 1-butene with high heat resistance. Pipes that withstand high pressure can be made by winding with resin-impregnated glass fibers, or they can be reinforced with resin-impregnated glass fibers on the outside of ordinary plastic pipes. In recent years, European and American countries have begun to adopt floor radiant heating systems, which save 5% to 15% of energy compared to radiators and have low installation costs. The pipes used include cross-linked polyethylene, modified polypropylene, and poly 1-butene. Aluminum film or polyethylene has also been developed as the outer coating of poly 1-butene or polypropylene pipes to extend their service life.

Window frame: Plastic window frames were first used in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1960s. By the 1980s, the amount of use was comparable to that of wooden window frames. In recent years, it has also developed rapidly in the UK and the US. Plastic window frames have a longer service life than wooden window frames, and have good heat insulation, sound insulation, and air tightness, which can reduce indoor heat loss by 1/4. Because they are anti-condensation, corrosion-resistant, and do not require paint, they save maintenance costs. There are many varieties of plastic raw materials for window frames, but most of them currently use polyvinyl chloride modified by blending or graft copolymerization of ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, acrylic polymers, chlorinated polyethylene, etc. Generally, hollow profiles are made by extrusion molding, and then assembled into window frames. There are also window frames made of low-foaming polyurethane, and there are also plastic layers coated on the outside of wood or aluminum. Shutters, roller blinds, window sills, curtain boxes, door frames, and door panels can also be made of polyvinyl chloride profiles.

Flooring materials: Plastic floors are more wear-resistant than wood floors, and also avoid the disadvantages of cement floors being hard, cold, and loud. Plastic floor is made of soft polyethylene, divided into floor tiles and floor rolls, especially floor rolls are the fastest growing. New varieties developed in the 1980s include special floors such as antistatic, oil-resistant, acid-resistant and spark-resistant floors, and elastic floors with three-dimensional embossed patterns.

Plastic wallpaper is the main material for interior wall decoration, usually produced by calendaring or coating. According to market needs, the pattern is refurbished very quickly, and new products include convex wallpaper. Thin profiles or decorative panels are also used for interior walls. The exterior wall cladding board uses polyvinyl chloride board, which has the advantages of no mildew, no rust, easy installation and convenient processing.

Thermal insulation material: It is one of the effective energy-saving measures in construction. Foam plastic has extremely low thermal conductivity and low relative density, and is particularly suitable for roof and exterior wall insulation materials, and is used more in cold storage. Polystyrene foam plastic is made into panels or prefabricated parts before installation, and polyurethane foam plastic can be sprayed and poured on site.

Sanitary ware: including bathtubs, sinks, toilet lids, water tanks, etc. They can be made of thermoplastic injection molding, or made of fiberglass, or made of unsaturated polyester (commonly known as artificial marble) filled with a large amount of fillers.

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