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With China Plastic Machinery
With China Plastic Machinery
Radiation plastic are a general term for plastic that have improved performance by irradiation with electron beams, ¦Â-rays, ¦Á-rays, etc. For example, radiation cross-linking of polyethylene can increase its softening temperature, hardness, and strength.
When radiation passes through a substance, it is affected by the electric field force of the atoms and molecules of the substance, and a series of interactions occur with the substance. In a sense, it is an energy transfer process. As a result, the energy of ionizing radiation is absorbed by the substance, causing various radiation effects, that is, the properties of the irradiated substance undergo various changes, including physical and chemical changes. In addition, when an organism is irradiated, there are also biological changes, which are the biological effects of radiation. Radiation plastic are different from biological radiation. Their properties change after being irradiated, so that they play a role in certain specific neighborhoods.
The molding method of radiation plastic is roughly the same as that of general plastic. Thermoplastic plastic with added granular fillers (neutron absorbers, etc.) are usually molded by injection, extrusion, calendaring, etc., and thermosetting plastic with added granular fillers are molded by molding, casting, etc. Thermoplastic with added chopped fibers can also be molded by injection, extrusion, calendering and other methods, but attention should be paid to the fiber orientation problem. Thermosetting plastic with added chopped fibers are usually molded by compression molding, and injection molding can also be used. When adding long fibers, (dry, wet) winding molding is usually used. The specific molding method and process conditions should be determined according to the mechanical and physical properties of the plastic, equipment conditions and production scale.
Through the study of the resistance of various plastic to gamma rays and atomic reactor radiation, and based on their practicality, the use limits of various plastic in radiation environments have been determined. Polyphenylene ether, polyvinyl carbazole, polystyrene, etc. have the best radiation resistance. Since heat-resistant plastic contain aromatic rings, the radiation resistance of these plastic is better than that of aliphatic plastic. It has been proven by irradiating electron beams in air that polyimide and polyether ketone have good radiation resistance. Adding stabilizers can act as energy transfer agents, and adding them can increase the radiation resistance of plastic by several to dozens of times.
In addition, radiation resistance can also be improved by modifying the polymer. For example, when acenaphthylene is grafted onto polyethylene, the grafted acenaphthylene can absorb excitation energy. Radiation-proof plastic used for military defense require higher performance, because not only nuclear radiation protection issues should be considered, but also conventional weapons should be protected. In this case, composite forms are often used, such as steel/FRP/steel/plastic, FRP/metal/ceramic, butyl rubber/steel/polyurethane (polyethylene)/steel/PYC, etc., and heavy elements such as tungsten, thorium, iron, barium, or fillers such as boron, lithium, and carbon black should be filled in the plastic or rubber.
Radiation plastic can be used in the military to make composite armor or linings for the protection of tanks and armored vehicles. They can also be used in active nuclear reactors, nuclear submarines, and civil defense projects. At the same time, they are also indispensable materials for space development, communication satellites, peaceful use of atomic energy (such as atomic power generation, electron beam accelerators, etc.), as well as medical and food fields.
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