Warm Global Customers
With China Plastic Machinery
With China Plastic Machinery
Fiber reinforced thermoplastics are a new type of composite material that is made of fiber as reinforcement material, resin as matrix material, and auxiliary agents, and is formed by drawing and necessary surface treatment. The resin mainly plays a bonding role.
Common reinforcing fibers include glass fiber, carbon fiber, plastic, etc. Other fiber reinforcing materials include boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, aluminum oxide fiber and aramid fiber. Commonly used FRP materials in the field of civil engineering are: carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP), and aramid fiber reinforced polymer composites (AFRP).
Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP, also known as fiberglass) are a widely used composite material made of synthetic resin and glass fiber or its fabric through a composite process. It is named for its glass-like transparency or translucency and steel-like high strength. If glass fiber is used to reinforce thermoplastic plastic, it can be called thermoplastic FRP; if glass fiber is used to reinforce thermoplastic plastic, it is called thermoplastic FRP. The FRP currently produced mainly refers to thermoplastic.
FRP has two major advantages: First, FRP has low density and high strength. It is stronger than steel and lighter than aluminum. Its specific gravity is only 1/4~1/16 of ordinary steel, but its mechanical strength is 3~4 times that of steel; second, FRP has instant high temperature resistance; it has good acid and alkali corrosion resistance and is non-magnetic. In addition, FRP is easy to color and can transmit electromagnetic waves; the strength of FRP can be compared to reinforced concrete. In reinforced concrete, the main force is steel bars, but concrete is indispensable. It bonds the steel bars into a whole, which not only gives the building components a certain appearance, but also increases the strength. In FRP, the role of glass fiber is like steel bars, while synthetic resin plays a bonding role. The combination of the two makes FRP have amazing strength.
GRP products can be designed and compounded according to different use environments and special performance requirements. Therefore, as long as the appropriate raw material varieties are selected, the performance requirements of various uses for the product can basically be met. Therefore, FRP materials are a kind of material variety with designability.
There are many methods for forming FRP. The simplest is the manual paste method. Other methods include the molding process molding method, the fiber winding molding method that is specially designed and professionally manufactured; the molding method of comprehensive injection, vacuum, pre-formed reinforcement materials or preset pads to achieve the high performance indicators of the product, and the advanced automatic molding method controlled by computer program. The production and molding of FRP products can be completed at one time.
As long as the appropriate raw material laying method and arrangement program are selected according to the design of the product, the FRP materials and structures can be completed at one time, avoiding the secondary processing usually required for metal materials, thereby greatly reducing the material consumption of the product and reducing the waste of manpower and material resources.
The molding temperature of FRP is low, saving energy. If the manual pasting method is adopted, the molding temperature is generally at room temperature or below 100¡æ, which is much lower than that of metal materials and other non-metallic materials, so the molding energy consumption can be greatly reduced.
The applications of fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastics are as follows: the largest amount is glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin, followed by glass fiber or carbon fiber and other fiber reinforced epoxy resin, modified phenolic resin, etc. The main uses are:
(1) Used in specific strength and specific modulus: glass fiber reinforced plastics for high-pressure containers, propellers, automobile bumper shells, and blades; carbon fiber reinforced plastics for aircraft wings, landing gear, compressor blades, automobile drive shafts, leaf springs, high-speed centrifugal drums of separation shafts, large motor guard rings, and rapiers in textile machinery; boron fiber reinforced epoxy resins are used for fighter planes¡¯ horizontal stabilizers, rudders, and helicopter rotors; boron fiber + carbon fiber, aromatic fiber paper + carbon fiber reinforced plastics are used for wings, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, and many other parts or components in aerospace and aircraft;
(2) Used in high-end sports products that require high strength and high modulus: tennis rackets, pole vaulting
(3) For corrosion resistance: pumps, valves, fans, pipes, pipe fittings, chemical containers, storage tanks, pickling tanks, tank cars, equipment villages, reaction towers, absorption towers, filters, agitators, cooling towers, hulls, etc.
(4) For instruments and meters, electrical appliances and other insulating materials, switches, sockets, housings, handles, printed circuit board motor rings, insulating sheet standard rulers;
(5) For medical supplies: artificial joints, X-ray bed boards;
(6) Other aspects: such as scraper battery shells, car steering wheels, safety helmets, large pools, chimneys and bathtubs and other household items.
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is a widely used composite material made of synthetic resin and carbon fiber or its fabric through a composite process. Compared with steel, the main characteristics of CFRP are:
(1) High tensile strength: The tensile strength of CFRP along the fiber direction is much greater than that of ordinary steel bars and is close to that of high-strength steel wires. Before reaching the tensile strength, there is almost no plastic deformation. However, its uniformity is worse than that of steel, it is anisotropic, and its shear and multi-axial strength are low. The shear strength of CFRP is usually no more than about 10% of its tensile strength. When CFRP is used as prestressed tendons and when conducting material tests on CFRP, the corresponding anchors and clamps need to be specially developed;
(2) Good corrosion resistance and durability: CFRP has good corrosion resistance and durability, which can increase the service life of the structure, especially when used in a corrosive environment. Except for strong oxidants, concentrated hydrochloric acid, 30% sulfuric acid, alkali, etc. generally have no effect on it;
(3) Light weight: CFRP density is only about 25% of steel. When used in building structures, construction is very convenient and can reduce labor costs. The effect is more obvious when used for the repair and reinforcement of old structures;
(4) The thermal expansion coefficient is similar to that of concrete: When the ambient temperature changes, CFRP and concrete work together and no large temperature stress will be generated between the two;
(5) Small elastic modulus: The elastic modulus of CFRP is about 25%~70% of that of ordinary steel bars. Therefore, it is inevitable that the CFRP concrete structure will have large deflection and wide cracks;
(6) Other properties include: the stress-strain curve is linearly distributed; good shock absorption performance, its natural frequency is very high, which can avoid early resonance, and the internal resistance is very large. If excitation occurs, it will decay quickly; the material is soft, the product shape is almost unlimited, and it can be colored arbitrarily, unifying the structural form and material aesthetics.
(1) Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are the earliest matrix materials for carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Their main components are thermoplastic synthetic resins, in addition to some additives. They mainly include carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resins, carbon fiber reinforced polyacrylamide resins, carbon fiber reinforced polyimide, carbon fiber reinforced polyacrylamide resins, carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resins, etc.
Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic resins are mainly used in instruments or equipment with high strength and rigidity requirements but low density requirements. Composite materials made of phenolic resin and carbon fiber can be used as heat protection layers on the outer surface of spacecraft, rocket suonas, etc. Composite materials made of carbon fiber and epoxy resin are mostly used as structural materials in aircraft and spacecraft due to their high strength.
(2) Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics
Thermoplastics were used as the matrix of fiber reinforced plastics later than thermoplastics. Since thermoplastics can be made into composite materials by heating and melting, they do not need to be made into preformed materials. The forming process is simpler than that of thermoplastics, the forming time is short, and the damaged parts are easier to repair. In recent years, the application development has been rapid. The main ones are carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene, carbon fiber reinforced polyoxymethylene, carbon fiber reinforced polyether alum, carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide, carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone, etc.
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